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of Fisheries protects and provides parent stocks survival to spawn. On the contrary, Jutagate (2002) discussed that catches and efforts of Thai river sprat fisheries in Sirinthorn reservoir were low because of wind effect, which created turbulent water in northeast monsoon as well as Pasak Jolasid reservoir which received impact form northeast monsoon. Abundance of larvae was low in December to February. As well as the above reason, the water temperature in this period was as low as 23.0-24.1 °C and this period was an opening of fishing season, there were Thai river sprat’s fishery in Pasak Jolasid reservoir. In Figure 3 Larval development of Thai river sprat (a) Yolk-sac stage; 3.46 mm.NL (b) Preflexion stage; 4.11 mm.NL (c) Flexion stage; 7.35 mm.NL (d) Post-flexion stage; 11.61 mm.TL (e) and (f) Juvenile stage; 12.03 and 20.83 mm.TL. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) 193 addition, rising of water level to the maximized level in October and slow deceasing till April (Royal Irrigation Department, 1999) provided Thai river sprat larvae’s favorableness as their habitat. It reduced chances of larval catchments by fish larvae net or other samplings because yield of larvae per water volume deceased. This study showed that Thai river sprat larvae were more abundant in offshore or river canal than near shore (Figure 2). Whitehead (1985) described that the mostly clupeids fish was a pelagic schooling fish and spawning in open area, the fertilized eggs and early-life stages were suspended in water volume as plankton. Lima and Lima (2004) explained that fish in early life stage had a passive movement, wind and current was a rule for their drift and distribution. The offshore of Pasak Jolasid reservoir was an area that strongly received impacts from wind and current as the same. Populations of Thai river sprat in Pasak Jolasid reservoir were in higher abundance than before the dam was constructed. This was because the environmental changed from running to standing water condition. This changing was conducted to provide Thai river sprat’s habitat. However, Thai river sprat were found in Pasak river before the dam was built by Electric Generating Authority of Thailand (1982) and Department of Fishery (1994), but there were only few numbers of populations. After the dam was constructed, populations of Thai river sprat were high and had production to the fishery level. From this survey, it was found that there were Thai river sprat fisheries in the East-Middle part of reservoir by breach seine. Additionally, Department of Fisheries (2002) and SUMAFISH (2003) reported that Thai river sprat were in high abundance after the dam was constructed. Development of Thai river sprat’s myomere in yolk-sac larvae were not complete. Figure 3a shows 37 developed myomere, with opened digestive gut at 82%NL in yolk-sac larvae
194 and moving to 59%TL in juvenile (Figure 3b-f). Malanophore pigmentation occurred on brain, anal-fin base and caudal-fin base after flexion stage. The results were similar to those reported by Termvichakorn (2003). The other pigments or coloration might be lost from preservation by neutralized formalin solution especially silver write transverse-band, located from posterior gill opening to caudal-fin base not visible from preserved specimens. However, yellowish coloration on caudal-fin base was visible from some preserved specimens. In identification, Thai river sprat larvae may be misidentified among Boneo river sprat (Clupeiodes boneensis Bleeker, 1851) especially before post-flexion stage specimens. It was a small clupeids fish found in Pasak Jolasid reservoir but not in abundance. However, Thai river sprat larvae could be separated by the last two anal-fin rays detached form the others (Whitehead, 1985 and Rainboth, 1996). CONCLUSIONS Spawning of the Thai river sprat in Pasak Jolasid reservoir occurred throughout of the year but was high in early rainy season and low in cold season and irregularly in anywhere of the reservoir. Low water temperature and current affected spawning and larval drift to suitable habitat. Development of myomere in the yolk-sac larvae was not complete while the digestive gut moved form posterior into mid-portion of body in juvenile. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very grateful to Dr. Prachit Wongrat, Dr.Apichart Termvidchakorn and Dr. Charumas Meksumpun, my thesis committee for their valuable advices. Thanks are extented to Mr.Suchart Piladech, Fisheries Resources Conservative Unit, Department of Fisheries leader Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) and his officers, for their helpfulness and facilities in fieldwork. Finally, I also thanks the members in my laboratory for their helpfulness and friendships. LITERATURE CITED Chookajorn, T., N. Sompasong, and S. Chotikul. 1997. Thai river sprat fisheries in Northeast Thailand. Thai.Fish.Gaz. 30: 93-99. Department of Fisheries. 1994. Investigation of fisheries biology and environment in Pasak river before dam construction. Special technical paper. Freshwater Fisheries Division and Fisheries Environmental Division. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. 76 p. Department of Fisheries. 2001. Ecological and Fish Population in the Pasak Jolasid Reservoir. Technical paper No.24. Fisheries Environmental Division. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. 40 p. Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand. 1982. Upper Pasak project; environmental and ecological investigation (main report). Prepared by TESCO, Ltd. In association with Mahidol University and Chulalongkorn University. 21 p. Jutagate, T. 2002. Thai river sprat: Biology and management in Sirinthorn reservoir, Thailand. Ph.D thesis. Deakin University, Warrambool. Jutagate,T. and S. De Silva 2003. Yield, growth and mortality rate of the Thai river sprat, Clupeicthys aesarnensis, in Sirinthorn Reservoir, Thailand. Fisheries Management and Ecology 10: 221-231. Lima,A.C.D. and C.A.R.M.Araujo-Lima. 2004. The distribution of larval and juvenile fishes in Amazonian rivers of different nutrient status. Freshwater Biology 49: 787-800. Rainboth, W. J. 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO species identification field
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January - March 2006 Volume 40 Numb
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KASETSART JOURNAL NATURAL SCIENCE T
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In sacco Degradation Characteristic
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2 and management practices a sorghu
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4 the greater plant height was obta
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6 at Wolenchity (Figure 3) that led
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8 Stover and aboveground biomass Co
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10 Radford, B.J., A.J. Dry, L.N. Ro
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12 At present, new cultivars with h
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14 2000), grapevine (Lavee, 2000),
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16 repeatability of FW, FLT, FLW, S
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18 (Table 5) indicating that select
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40 : 20 -
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22 measured to define fruit shape i
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24 for higher fruit number and yiel
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28 (Table 2). The numbers of flower
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30 to the color of fruit and seed c
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32 1999. Carrots and related vegeta
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34 MATERIALS AND METHODS Laboratory
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36 DISCUSSION Extensive studies hav
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38 from Gossypium hirsutum. J. Inse
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40 The natural resistance of plants
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42 4. Data collection and statistic
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44 was not significantly different
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46 showed the highest yield compare
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48 Kessmann, H., T. Staub, C. Hofma
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50 There are approximately 60 comme
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52 in PBST containing 2% ovalbumin
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54 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) T
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56 Virus-free orchid plants show fa
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60 feed source was based on purchas
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62 intake of DM, CP, ether extract
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64 relatively slow and short. The p
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66 week 4. Milk composition was not
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68 Agricultural Experiment Station.
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70 et al., 2002). In contrast to ma
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72 level and showed marked polymorp
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76 loam (Eutric Fluvisol) soil and
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78 Eugenia caryophyllata, Echinops
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80 CONCLUSION In conclusion, out of
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82 of chromic acid titration method
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84 initials at the time of pinning
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86 vessels a point where the number
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88 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) T
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90 CONCLUSIONS In the investigation
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92 1994; Strand et al., 1997). Now
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94 The clones were grown overnight
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96 isozymes. The copy number for nu
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98 Helianthus annuus. Theor. Appl.
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100 MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant mat
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102 The amount of Na + (%) 6 5 4 3
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104 NGE, 7-16 folds). Finally, all
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106 Anal. Biochem. 162: 156-159. Cr
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108 grown for academic purpose at N
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110 Cluster A was further separated
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112 Table 2 Similarity index of 19
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114 subjected to UPGMA and resultin
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116 Tabel 3 The similarity index of
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118 formation as seen from phylogen
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120 Genet. 101: 860-864. Lerceteau,
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122 INTRODUCTION Methylotrophic yea
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124 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Screenin
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126 optimum temperature, insignific
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128 medium of C. boidinii (Volfova
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130 was observed soon after 24h cul
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132 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1)
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134 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was
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138 Determination of enzyme activit
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140 Table 1 Optimum and stability o
Page 147 and 148: 142 for example recombinant E. coli
Page 149 and 150: 144 were studied for β-1,3-1,4-glu
Page 151 and 152: 146 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was s
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Page 155 and 156: 150 vulcanization times were calcul
Page 157 and 158: 152 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Mechanic
Page 159 and 160: 154 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1)
Page 161 and 162: 156 blend with 0.5 phr Irganox. How
Page 165 and 166: 160 (AA-680 ShiMADZU, Atomic Absorp
Page 167 and 168: 162 warm, relatively shallow and hi
Page 169 and 170: 164 cycle in crustacean (Chen et al
Page 171 and 172: 166 Salaenoi, J. 2004. Changes of e
Page 173 and 174: 168 MATERIALS AND METHODS This rese
Page 175 and 176: 170 DISCUSSION The average total am
Page 179 and 180: 174 repacked and scanned three time
Page 181 and 182: 176 found the most in the shrimp fe
Page 183 and 184: 178 PLS model The comparison betwee
Page 185 and 186: 180 brix value and dry matter of ma
Page 187 and 188: 182 approach to increase immunity t
Page 189 and 190: 184 higher (P
Page 191 and 192: 186 levels were significantly eleva
Page 195 and 196: 190 currents. Zone 4: River outlet
Page 197: 192 standing waters, thus the occur
Page 203 and 204: 198 thin membrane (Figure 1A, B). T
Page 205 and 206: 200 were clearly seen. The presence
Page 207 and 208: 202 could change to female at 6-12
Page 211 and 212: 206 water until the water became cl
Page 213 and 214: 208 reported by Thu and Preston (19
Page 215 and 216: 210 cavalcade hay. The crude protei
Page 217 and 218: 212 CONCLUSIONS Ruminal disappeared
Page 219 and 220: 214 ∅rskov, E.R. and I. McDonald.
Page 221 and 222: 216 is constrained mainly due to fa
Page 223 and 224: 218 SNF and fat composition in raw
Page 225 and 226: 220 in terms of both manual samplin
Page 227 and 228: 222 Harding, F. 1995. Compositional
Page 229 and 230: 224 proteins described by Barbut an
Page 231 and 232: 226 starch/flour, shaken vigorously
Page 233 and 234: 228 % Stress relaxation 54 49 44 39
Page 235 and 236: 230 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1)
Page 239 and 240: 234 categories including puffed sna
Page 241 and 242: 236 Cohesiveness of mass Crispness
Page 243 and 244: 238 Cohesiveness of mass Sweetness
Page 247 and 248: 242 3. Physicochemical properties 3
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246 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research
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248 are now becoming more and more
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250 downstream control. Lam Chae re
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254 Inflow (mcm.) Inflow (mcm.) Inf
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256 were above 0.70. The testing re
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258 1999-2000 could be used for tra
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262 we assume that r ≥ 2 and d r
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266 Figure 1 Prototype domains. num
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268 DISCUSSION Consequences indicat
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272 George, B. K. 1997. The GIS Boo
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discussed; and appropriateness of t
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LITERATURE CITED FORMAT Manuscripts
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