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esult into low degradability and induce low intake. The structure and solubility characteristics of protein in feedstuffs influence crude protein degradability in the rumen (Mahadevan et al., 1980). Crude protein degradability of crop residue and selected roughages are much lower than in common concentrated feed (Woods et al., 2003), leguminous (Khandaker and Tareque, 1996), and aquatic plant (Khan et al. 2002). Numerous factors had effect of in sacco degradability, such as bag pore size (Vanzant et al., 1998), sample size (Nocek, 1985), washing procedures, grinding, diet of host animal, species of animal, sample preparation, incubation time and washing method (Olivera, 1998). Maturity of perennial forages affected all degradation fractions and degradation rate of dry matter and crude protein (Hoffman et al., 1993). Furthermore, chemical composition and processing of feedstuffs affected degradation characteristics (Huntington and Gives, 1997). Vitti et al. (1999) reported in sacco dry matter disappearance was highly correlated (P
212 CONCLUSIONS Ruminal disappeared characteristic of crop residue and selected roughage differed among feedstuffs. Crop residue and selected roughage showed a great variation in chemical composition and degradability. The result in this study indicated that crop residues and selected roughages have a degradability ranked from the highest to the lowest were; Chinese spinach, krapanghom, cassava hay, corn stover, cavalcade hay water hyacinth, rice straw and sugarcane top, respectively. Importantly, crop residues and selected roughages are abundant and available for feeding ruminants in the dry season. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to express their gratitude to Mr. Pay Rodthong for taking care of the animal and the Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology Mahasarakham University and Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Khon Kaen University for supporting experiment facilities. This financial support for this research was partially provided by ‘The Khon Kaen University’s Graduate Research Fund, Academic Year 2003’. LITERATURE CITED Agbagla-Dohnani, A., P. Noziere, G. Clement and M. Doreau. 2001. In sacco degradability chemical and morphological composition of 15 varieties of European rice straw. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 94: 15-27. Alcaide, E.M., A.I. Martin Garcia and J.F. Aguilera. 2000. A comparative study of nutrient digestibility, kinetics of degradation and passage and rumen fermentation pattern in goats and sheep offered good quality diets. Live. Pro. Sci. 64: 215-223. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, Vol.1, 15 th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, USA. PP. 69-90. Baloyi, J.J., N.T. Ngongoni, J.H. Topps and P. Ndlovu. 1997. Chemical composition and degradability of Brachystegia spiciformis (Musasa) leaves and stems harvested over 4 months from three sites in Zimbabwe. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 69: 179-186. Broderick, G.A. 2003. Effect of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86: 1370-1381. Chinh, B.V., L.V. Ly, N.H. Tao, N.V. Hai and T.B. Ngoc. 2000. Study on processing, storing and using sugarcane leaves as ruminant feed. Workshop-seminar”Making better use of local feed resources” SAREC-UAF, January, 2000. Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Cooperative. 2004. Table of Chemical Composition of Feedstuffs. Chumnum Sahakorn HeangpadhesThai Ltd. 37 p. Djajanegara, A. and P.T. Doyle. 1989. Urea supplementation compared with pre treatment. Effect on intake, digestion and live-weight change by sheep fed rice straw. Anim. Feed Sci and Technol. 25: 21-36. Fonseca, A.J.M., A.A. Daias-da-Silva and E.R. ∅rskov. 1998. In sacco degradation characteristics as predictors of digestibility and voluntary intake of roughages by mature ewes. Anim. Feed Sci. and Technol. 72: 205- 219. Hindrichson, I.K., P.O. Osuiji, A.A. Odenyo, J. Madsen and T. Hvelplund. 2001. Effect of supplementation with four multipurpose trees and Lablab purpureus on rumen microbial population, rumen fermentation, digesta kinetics and microbial protein supply of sheep and maize stover ad libilitum, pp. 22-38. In
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January - March 2006 Volume 40 Numb
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KASETSART JOURNAL NATURAL SCIENCE T
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In sacco Degradation Characteristic
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2 and management practices a sorghu
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4 the greater plant height was obta
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6 at Wolenchity (Figure 3) that led
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8 Stover and aboveground biomass Co
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10 Radford, B.J., A.J. Dry, L.N. Ro
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12 At present, new cultivars with h
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14 2000), grapevine (Lavee, 2000),
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16 repeatability of FW, FLT, FLW, S
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18 (Table 5) indicating that select
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40 : 20 -
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22 measured to define fruit shape i
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24 for higher fruit number and yiel
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28 (Table 2). The numbers of flower
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30 to the color of fruit and seed c
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32 1999. Carrots and related vegeta
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34 MATERIALS AND METHODS Laboratory
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36 DISCUSSION Extensive studies hav
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38 from Gossypium hirsutum. J. Inse
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40 The natural resistance of plants
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42 4. Data collection and statistic
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44 was not significantly different
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46 showed the highest yield compare
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48 Kessmann, H., T. Staub, C. Hofma
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50 There are approximately 60 comme
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52 in PBST containing 2% ovalbumin
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54 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) T
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56 Virus-free orchid plants show fa
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60 feed source was based on purchas
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62 intake of DM, CP, ether extract
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64 relatively slow and short. The p
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66 week 4. Milk composition was not
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68 Agricultural Experiment Station.
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70 et al., 2002). In contrast to ma
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72 level and showed marked polymorp
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76 loam (Eutric Fluvisol) soil and
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78 Eugenia caryophyllata, Echinops
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80 CONCLUSION In conclusion, out of
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82 of chromic acid titration method
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84 initials at the time of pinning
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86 vessels a point where the number
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88 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) T
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90 CONCLUSIONS In the investigation
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92 1994; Strand et al., 1997). Now
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94 The clones were grown overnight
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96 isozymes. The copy number for nu
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98 Helianthus annuus. Theor. Appl.
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100 MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant mat
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102 The amount of Na + (%) 6 5 4 3
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104 NGE, 7-16 folds). Finally, all
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106 Anal. Biochem. 162: 156-159. Cr
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108 grown for academic purpose at N
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110 Cluster A was further separated
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112 Table 2 Similarity index of 19
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114 subjected to UPGMA and resultin
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116 Tabel 3 The similarity index of
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118 formation as seen from phylogen
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120 Genet. 101: 860-864. Lerceteau,
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122 INTRODUCTION Methylotrophic yea
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124 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Screenin
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126 optimum temperature, insignific
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128 medium of C. boidinii (Volfova
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130 was observed soon after 24h cul
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132 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1)
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134 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was
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138 Determination of enzyme activit
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140 Table 1 Optimum and stability o
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142 for example recombinant E. coli
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144 were studied for β-1,3-1,4-glu
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146 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was s
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150 vulcanization times were calcul
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152 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Mechanic
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156 blend with 0.5 phr Irganox. How
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Page 165 and 166: 160 (AA-680 ShiMADZU, Atomic Absorp
Page 167 and 168: 162 warm, relatively shallow and hi
Page 169 and 170: 164 cycle in crustacean (Chen et al
Page 171 and 172: 166 Salaenoi, J. 2004. Changes of e
Page 173 and 174: 168 MATERIALS AND METHODS This rese
Page 175 and 176: 170 DISCUSSION The average total am
Page 177 and 178: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40 : 172 -
Page 179 and 180: 174 repacked and scanned three time
Page 181 and 182: 176 found the most in the shrimp fe
Page 183 and 184: 178 PLS model The comparison betwee
Page 185 and 186: 180 brix value and dry matter of ma
Page 187 and 188: 182 approach to increase immunity t
Page 189 and 190: 184 higher (P
Page 191 and 192: 186 levels were significantly eleva
Page 195 and 196: 190 currents. Zone 4: River outlet
Page 197 and 198: 192 standing waters, thus the occur
Page 199 and 200: 194 and moving to 59%TL in juvenile
Page 203 and 204: 198 thin membrane (Figure 1A, B). T
Page 205 and 206: 200 were clearly seen. The presence
Page 207 and 208: 202 could change to female at 6-12
Page 211 and 212: 206 water until the water became cl
Page 213 and 214: 208 reported by Thu and Preston (19
Page 215: 210 cavalcade hay. The crude protei
Page 219 and 220: 214 ∅rskov, E.R. and I. McDonald.
Page 221 and 222: 216 is constrained mainly due to fa
Page 223 and 224: 218 SNF and fat composition in raw
Page 225 and 226: 220 in terms of both manual samplin
Page 227 and 228: 222 Harding, F. 1995. Compositional
Page 229 and 230: 224 proteins described by Barbut an
Page 231 and 232: 226 starch/flour, shaken vigorously
Page 233 and 234: 228 % Stress relaxation 54 49 44 39
Page 235 and 236: 230 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1)
Page 239 and 240: 234 categories including puffed sna
Page 241 and 242: 236 Cohesiveness of mass Crispness
Page 243 and 244: 238 Cohesiveness of mass Sweetness
Page 247 and 248: 242 3. Physicochemical properties 3
Page 251 and 252: 246 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research
Page 253 and 254: 248 are now becoming more and more
Page 255 and 256: 250 downstream control. Lam Chae re
Page 259 and 260: 254 Inflow (mcm.) Inflow (mcm.) Inf
Page 261 and 262: 256 were above 0.70. The testing re
Page 263 and 264: 258 1999-2000 could be used for tra
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262 we assume that r ≥ 2 and d r
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266 Figure 1 Prototype domains. num
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268 DISCUSSION Consequences indicat
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272 George, B. K. 1997. The GIS Boo
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discussed; and appropriateness of t
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LITERATURE CITED FORMAT Manuscripts
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PRE-SUBMISSION CHECKLIST (see “In
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