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Resources of South-East Asia No.8 : Vegetables. Prosea Foundation, Boger, Indonesia. Pornsuriya, P. 2005. Genetic Studies and Inheritance of Fruit Characters in Slicing Melon. Ph.D. Thesis, Kasetsart University, Bangkok. Tindall, H.D. 1983. Vegetables in the Tropics. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) 25 The Macmillan Press Ltd., London. 533 p. Tomas J. Kalb and D.W. Davis. 1984. Evaluation of Combining ability, Heterosis, and Genetic Variance for Fruit Quality Characteristics in Bush Muskmelon. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 109(3): 411-415 Warner, J.N. 1952. A method for estimating heritability. Agr. J. 44: 427-430.
Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40 : 26 - 32 (2006) Seed Development and Maturation of Eryngo (Eryngium foetidum L.) ABSTRACT Boonsong Ekpong 1 and Sutevee Sukprakarn 2 * Flowering pattern and seed development were studied in two eryngo accessions (EF006 and EF007) to determine the optimum time of harvest for seed production. Flowering peak was 117 days after transplanting (35.6 umbel heads) and 121 days after transplanting (38.7 umbel heads) in EF006 and EF007 accessions, respectively. Seed in both accessions reached their physiological maturity 40 days after anthesis, with 93.75-95.75% germination when the seed head had just begun to turn brownish black in color. Shattering, however, commenced 65 days after anthesis. Key word: seed development, optimum harvest time, seed germination INTRODUCTION Seed crops must be harvested when seed quality is at maximum. Some physiological markers have been used in order to identify the time of maximum seed quality. Harrington (1972) proposed the hypothesis that maximum seed quality was achieved when seeds reached maximum dry weight at the end of the seed filling period. This hypothesis has been supported by results in Zinnia violacea Cav. (Miyajima, 1997), Brassica napus L. (Still and Bradford, 1998) and Daucus carota L. (Nascimento et al., 2003). Seed maturity effects on seed quality are particularly evident in indeterminate crops. For example, flowering in carrots progresses from the 1 st umbel to the 2 nd and 3 rd umbels during reproductive development (Oliva et al., 1988). In these cases, the effects of maturity on seed quality are exacerbated by the fact that these crops exhibit shattering (or shedding) of seeds as they mature. Thus, delaying harvest to allow later developing seeds to mature risks losing mature seeds to shattering. On the other hand, early harvesting results in more poor quality immature seeds that may be difficult to remove by standard cleaning and grading techniques (Bradford, 2004). Eryngo (Eryngium foetidum L.) is known to be a native of Central and Latin America, from southern Mexico to Panama through Brazil and from Cuba to Trinidad. It was introduced into South-East Asia by the Chinese as a substitute for coriander. It is an aromatic plant which is usually grown as a leafy vegetable used as a seasoning and for medicinal purpose in various countries such as Vietnam, India and in the Amazon region (De Guzmao et al., 2002). The effect of umbel head maturity at harvest on seed quality has not been reported for eryngo. This information is needed to determine the stage of harvest attaining maximum germination and vigor. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the physiological changes during seed development and correlated them with visual indicators to determine optimum harvest time. 1 Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand. 2 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. * Corresponding author, e-mail: agrsts@ku.a.c.th Received date : 0709/05 Accepted date : 30/01/06
Page 1 and 2: January - March 2006 Volume 40 Numb
Page 3 and 4: KASETSART JOURNAL NATURAL SCIENCE T
Page 5 and 6: In sacco Degradation Characteristic
Page 7 and 8: 2 and management practices a sorghu
Page 9 and 10: 4 the greater plant height was obta
Page 11 and 12: 6 at Wolenchity (Figure 3) that led
Page 13 and 14: 8 Stover and aboveground biomass Co
Page 15 and 16: 10 Radford, B.J., A.J. Dry, L.N. Ro
Page 17 and 18: 12 At present, new cultivars with h
Page 19 and 20: 14 2000), grapevine (Lavee, 2000),
Page 21 and 22: 16 repeatability of FW, FLT, FLW, S
Page 23 and 24: 18 (Table 5) indicating that select
Page 25 and 26: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40 : 20 -
Page 27 and 28: 22 measured to define fruit shape i
Page 29: 24 for higher fruit number and yiel
Page 33 and 34: 28 (Table 2). The numbers of flower
Page 35 and 36: 30 to the color of fruit and seed c
Page 37 and 38: 32 1999. Carrots and related vegeta
Page 39 and 40: 34 MATERIALS AND METHODS Laboratory
Page 41 and 42: 36 DISCUSSION Extensive studies hav
Page 43 and 44: 38 from Gossypium hirsutum. J. Inse
Page 45 and 46: 40 The natural resistance of plants
Page 47 and 48: 42 4. Data collection and statistic
Page 49 and 50: 44 was not significantly different
Page 51 and 52: 46 showed the highest yield compare
Page 53 and 54: 48 Kessmann, H., T. Staub, C. Hofma
Page 55 and 56: 50 There are approximately 60 comme
Page 57 and 58: 52 in PBST containing 2% ovalbumin
Page 59 and 60: 54 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) T
Page 61 and 62: 56 Virus-free orchid plants show fa
Page 65 and 66: 60 feed source was based on purchas
Page 67 and 68: 62 intake of DM, CP, ether extract
Page 69 and 70: 64 relatively slow and short. The p
Page 71 and 72: 66 week 4. Milk composition was not
Page 73 and 74: 68 Agricultural Experiment Station.
Page 75 and 76: 70 et al., 2002). In contrast to ma
Page 77 and 78: 72 level and showed marked polymorp
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76 loam (Eutric Fluvisol) soil and
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78 Eugenia caryophyllata, Echinops
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80 CONCLUSION In conclusion, out of
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82 of chromic acid titration method
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84 initials at the time of pinning
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86 vessels a point where the number
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88 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) T
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90 CONCLUSIONS In the investigation
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92 1994; Strand et al., 1997). Now
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94 The clones were grown overnight
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96 isozymes. The copy number for nu
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98 Helianthus annuus. Theor. Appl.
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100 MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant mat
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102 The amount of Na + (%) 6 5 4 3
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104 NGE, 7-16 folds). Finally, all
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106 Anal. Biochem. 162: 156-159. Cr
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108 grown for academic purpose at N
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110 Cluster A was further separated
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112 Table 2 Similarity index of 19
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114 subjected to UPGMA and resultin
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116 Tabel 3 The similarity index of
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118 formation as seen from phylogen
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120 Genet. 101: 860-864. Lerceteau,
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122 INTRODUCTION Methylotrophic yea
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124 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Screenin
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126 optimum temperature, insignific
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128 medium of C. boidinii (Volfova
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130 was observed soon after 24h cul
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132 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1)
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134 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40 : 136 -
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138 Determination of enzyme activit
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140 Table 1 Optimum and stability o
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142 for example recombinant E. coli
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144 were studied for β-1,3-1,4-glu
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146 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was s
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150 vulcanization times were calcul
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152 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Mechanic
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156 blend with 0.5 phr Irganox. How
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160 (AA-680 ShiMADZU, Atomic Absorp
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162 warm, relatively shallow and hi
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164 cycle in crustacean (Chen et al
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166 Salaenoi, J. 2004. Changes of e
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168 MATERIALS AND METHODS This rese
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170 DISCUSSION The average total am
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174 repacked and scanned three time
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176 found the most in the shrimp fe
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178 PLS model The comparison betwee
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180 brix value and dry matter of ma
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182 approach to increase immunity t
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184 higher (P
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186 levels were significantly eleva
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190 currents. Zone 4: River outlet
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192 standing waters, thus the occur
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194 and moving to 59%TL in juvenile
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198 thin membrane (Figure 1A, B). T
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200 were clearly seen. The presence
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202 could change to female at 6-12
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206 water until the water became cl
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208 reported by Thu and Preston (19
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210 cavalcade hay. The crude protei
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212 CONCLUSIONS Ruminal disappeared
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214 ∅rskov, E.R. and I. McDonald.
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216 is constrained mainly due to fa
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218 SNF and fat composition in raw
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220 in terms of both manual samplin
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222 Harding, F. 1995. Compositional
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224 proteins described by Barbut an
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226 starch/flour, shaken vigorously
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228 % Stress relaxation 54 49 44 39
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234 categories including puffed sna
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236 Cohesiveness of mass Crispness
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238 Cohesiveness of mass Sweetness
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242 3. Physicochemical properties 3
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246 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research
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248 are now becoming more and more
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250 downstream control. Lam Chae re
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254 Inflow (mcm.) Inflow (mcm.) Inf
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256 were above 0.70. The testing re
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258 1999-2000 could be used for tra
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262 we assume that r ≥ 2 and d r
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266 Figure 1 Prototype domains. num
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268 DISCUSSION Consequences indicat
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272 George, B. K. 1997. The GIS Boo
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discussed; and appropriateness of t
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LITERATURE CITED FORMAT Manuscripts
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PRE-SUBMISSION CHECKLIST (see “In
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Send application materials to Payme
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