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4. The percentage of elongation at break The percentage of elongation at break was calculated from the equation Percentage of elongation = (l-l o)/l o×100 (2) where l = observed distance between the grips extensometer on the stretched specimen (mm) l o = original distance between the extensometer (mm) Hardness The hardness of the specimen was measured using Shore A hardness tester (Wallace). The 6 mm thick specimen was placed on a test platform. The indenter was held in a vertical position to provide indentations at least 12 mm from any edge of the specimen. Five measurements were made at different positions on the test piece at least 6 mm apart. An average of the five measurements was taken as the hardness value of the test sample. Abrasion The 12 mm thick specimens about were detected the density by Densimeter. The weight of the specimens was measured before and after the test friction by DIN abrasion (ZWICK). The equation for loss volume is as follows: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) 151 Loss volume = m 1 - m 2 / D (3) where m 1 = weight of the specimen before testing m 2 = weight of the specimen after testing D = density of the specimen Compression set The original thickness of the specimens was measured. The test specimens were placed between the plates of the compression device with the spacers on each side, allowing sufficient clearance for the bulging of the rubber when compressed (Figure 2). The specimens were held at 70°C for 22 hr, then, rested on a poor thermally conducting surface, such as wood, for further 30 min before making the measurement of the final thickness. The calculation of compression set as follow: C B = [(t o- t i) / (t o- t n)] × 100 (4) where: C B = compression set expressed as percentage of the original deflection t o = original thickness of specimen t i = final thickness of specimen t n = thickness of the spacer bar used (4.5 mm) Figure 1 Tensile test specimens. Figure 2 Device for compression set test under constant deflection.
152 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Mechanical properties The results of the tensile tests on the conditioned samples containing different amounts and types of antioxidants were shown in Figures 3 and 4, respectively. The effect of DPPD content on the tensile properties of the 65/35 NR/LDPE blend was shown in the Figure 3. It was noticed that the stress-strain curves decreased as the DPPD increased. The blend with 0.5 phr of DPPD (65N 1) showed the highest values of tensile strength and elongation at break, which can be explained that the higher levels of antioxidant may retard the cure and reduce the efficiency of peroxide. However, the use of DPPD as an antioxidant was not appropriate for the 65/35 NR/LDPE blend because lots of bubbles existed on the sample including the change of the color from green to dusky green similar to those found in the case of 70/30 NR/ LDPE blend (Bhowmick et al., 2001). TS (MPa) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) Figure 3 showed the effect of Irganox content on the tensile properties of the 65/35 NR/ LDPE blend. It was observed that the blend with the lowest amount of Irganox (0.5phr, 65I 1) showed the highest value of tensile and elongation at break. It was then obviously confirmed that the tensile properties of blends depended strongly on the concentration of Irganox. Comparing to a combination of DPPD and Irganox (Figure 4), the tensile properties was decreasing with increasing DPPD content in the blend. This is accordance with what Bhowmick et al. observed in studying the effect of stabilizers in photodegradation of 70/30 NR/LDPE (Bhowmick et al., 2001). Figure 4 showed the plot of stress versus strain for the 65/35 NR/LDPE blend with and without additives, i.e., DPPD and Irganox. It can be seen that the tensile strength of the blends decreased with the addition of antioxidants. Obviously, the blend with 1 phr of DPPD (65N 3) showed the lowest value of tensile strength, which DPPD Irganox 0 0.5 0.75 1 Amount of antioxidant (phr) Figure 3 Tensile strength versus the amount of antioxidant in the 65/35 NR/LDPE blend with various types of antioxidant.
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January - March 2006 Volume 40 Numb
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KASETSART JOURNAL NATURAL SCIENCE T
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In sacco Degradation Characteristic
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2 and management practices a sorghu
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4 the greater plant height was obta
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6 at Wolenchity (Figure 3) that led
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8 Stover and aboveground biomass Co
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10 Radford, B.J., A.J. Dry, L.N. Ro
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12 At present, new cultivars with h
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14 2000), grapevine (Lavee, 2000),
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16 repeatability of FW, FLT, FLW, S
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18 (Table 5) indicating that select
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40 : 20 -
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22 measured to define fruit shape i
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24 for higher fruit number and yiel
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28 (Table 2). The numbers of flower
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30 to the color of fruit and seed c
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32 1999. Carrots and related vegeta
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34 MATERIALS AND METHODS Laboratory
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36 DISCUSSION Extensive studies hav
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38 from Gossypium hirsutum. J. Inse
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40 The natural resistance of plants
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42 4. Data collection and statistic
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44 was not significantly different
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46 showed the highest yield compare
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48 Kessmann, H., T. Staub, C. Hofma
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50 There are approximately 60 comme
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52 in PBST containing 2% ovalbumin
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54 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) T
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56 Virus-free orchid plants show fa
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60 feed source was based on purchas
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62 intake of DM, CP, ether extract
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64 relatively slow and short. The p
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66 week 4. Milk composition was not
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68 Agricultural Experiment Station.
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70 et al., 2002). In contrast to ma
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72 level and showed marked polymorp
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76 loam (Eutric Fluvisol) soil and
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78 Eugenia caryophyllata, Echinops
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80 CONCLUSION In conclusion, out of
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82 of chromic acid titration method
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84 initials at the time of pinning
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86 vessels a point where the number
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88 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) T
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90 CONCLUSIONS In the investigation
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92 1994; Strand et al., 1997). Now
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94 The clones were grown overnight
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96 isozymes. The copy number for nu
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98 Helianthus annuus. Theor. Appl.
Page 105 and 106: 100 MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant mat
Page 107 and 108: 102 The amount of Na + (%) 6 5 4 3
Page 109 and 110: 104 NGE, 7-16 folds). Finally, all
Page 111 and 112: 106 Anal. Biochem. 162: 156-159. Cr
Page 113 and 114: 108 grown for academic purpose at N
Page 115 and 116: 110 Cluster A was further separated
Page 117 and 118: 112 Table 2 Similarity index of 19
Page 119 and 120: 114 subjected to UPGMA and resultin
Page 121 and 122: 116 Tabel 3 The similarity index of
Page 123 and 124: 118 formation as seen from phylogen
Page 125 and 126: 120 Genet. 101: 860-864. Lerceteau,
Page 127 and 128: 122 INTRODUCTION Methylotrophic yea
Page 129 and 130: 124 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Screenin
Page 131 and 132: 126 optimum temperature, insignific
Page 133 and 134: 128 medium of C. boidinii (Volfova
Page 135 and 136: 130 was observed soon after 24h cul
Page 137 and 138: 132 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1)
Page 139 and 140: 134 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was
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Page 143 and 144: 138 Determination of enzyme activit
Page 145 and 146: 140 Table 1 Optimum and stability o
Page 147 and 148: 142 for example recombinant E. coli
Page 149 and 150: 144 were studied for β-1,3-1,4-glu
Page 151 and 152: 146 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was s
Page 155: 150 vulcanization times were calcul
Page 159 and 160: 154 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1)
Page 161 and 162: 156 blend with 0.5 phr Irganox. How
Page 165 and 166: 160 (AA-680 ShiMADZU, Atomic Absorp
Page 167 and 168: 162 warm, relatively shallow and hi
Page 169 and 170: 164 cycle in crustacean (Chen et al
Page 171 and 172: 166 Salaenoi, J. 2004. Changes of e
Page 173 and 174: 168 MATERIALS AND METHODS This rese
Page 175 and 176: 170 DISCUSSION The average total am
Page 179 and 180: 174 repacked and scanned three time
Page 181 and 182: 176 found the most in the shrimp fe
Page 183 and 184: 178 PLS model The comparison betwee
Page 185 and 186: 180 brix value and dry matter of ma
Page 187 and 188: 182 approach to increase immunity t
Page 189 and 190: 184 higher (P
Page 191 and 192: 186 levels were significantly eleva
Page 195 and 196: 190 currents. Zone 4: River outlet
Page 197 and 198: 192 standing waters, thus the occur
Page 199 and 200: 194 and moving to 59%TL in juvenile
Page 203 and 204: 198 thin membrane (Figure 1A, B). T
Page 205 and 206: 200 were clearly seen. The presence
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202 could change to female at 6-12
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206 water until the water became cl
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208 reported by Thu and Preston (19
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210 cavalcade hay. The crude protei
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212 CONCLUSIONS Ruminal disappeared
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214 ∅rskov, E.R. and I. McDonald.
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216 is constrained mainly due to fa
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218 SNF and fat composition in raw
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220 in terms of both manual samplin
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222 Harding, F. 1995. Compositional
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224 proteins described by Barbut an
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226 starch/flour, shaken vigorously
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228 % Stress relaxation 54 49 44 39
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230 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1)
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234 categories including puffed sna
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236 Cohesiveness of mass Crispness
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238 Cohesiveness of mass Sweetness
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242 3. Physicochemical properties 3
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246 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research
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248 are now becoming more and more
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250 downstream control. Lam Chae re
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254 Inflow (mcm.) Inflow (mcm.) Inf
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256 were above 0.70. The testing re
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258 1999-2000 could be used for tra
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262 we assume that r ≥ 2 and d r
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266 Figure 1 Prototype domains. num
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268 DISCUSSION Consequences indicat
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272 George, B. K. 1997. The GIS Boo
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discussed; and appropriateness of t
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LITERATURE CITED FORMAT Manuscripts
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PRE-SUBMISSION CHECKLIST (see “In
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