Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7

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EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES 6.3 ECLIPSES LEARNING INTENTION At the end of this lesson I will be able to explain that predictable phenomena on Earth, including eclipses, are caused by the relative positions of the Sun, Earth and the Moon. KEY TERMS annular ring-shaped eclipse the blocking of the Sun’s light from Earth penumbra the outer part of the Moon’s shadow on Earth umbra the inner part of the Moon’s shadow on Earth 1 The Sun is about 400 times wider than the Moon, and the Sun is about 400 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. This means that the Sun and the Moon appear nearly the same size as seen from Earth. As Earth and the Moon move, there are times when they and the Sun line up, in events called eclipses. The Moon blocks the light of the Sun during a solar eclipse A solar eclipse happens when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth. The Moon blocks sunlight and casts a shadow on Earth. The centre of this shadow is the umbra, and the outer ring of the shadow is the penumbra. There are three types of solar eclipses, and they differ in how much the Moon blocks out the light of the Sun, as seen by a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse can be seen when the Moon completely lines up with both the Sun and Earth. People within the umbra see the Moon completely block the light of the Sun, but those within the penumbra only see it block part of the Sun. An annular solar eclipse happens when the Moon is further away from Earth, making it appear smaller than usual. Because of this, the Moon only covers the centre of the Sun. During an annular eclipse, we can see the outer edges of the Sun. This is called an annulus or ‘ring of fire’. NUMERACY LINK UNITS Figure 6.6 In a solar eclipse, the Moon casts a shadow over part of Earth Dark shadow (umbra) Total eclipse seen from here A total solar eclipse occurs somewhere on Earth every 1.5 years on average. Convert 1.5 years to minutes. NEVER LOOK DIRECTLY AT THE SUN, INCLUDING DURING A SOLAR ECLIPSE. LIGHT FROM THE SUN CAN DAMAGE YOUR EYES. ALWAYS USE AN INDIRECT METHOD OF OBSERVATION, SUCH AS A PINHOLE PROJECTED ONTO ANOTHER SURFACE. Lighter shadow (penumbra) Partial eclipse seen from here Partial solar eclipses occur when the Sun, Moon and Earth aren’t completely lined up. The Moon only blocks part of the Sun when this happens. There’s no umbra in a partial eclipse – everyone who sees it is in the penumbra. What are the three types of solar eclipse? 94 GOOD SCIENCE VICTORIAN CURRICULUM 7
CHAPTER 6: EARTH, THE SUN AND THE MOON 2 Earth blocks the light of the Sun during a lunar eclipse INVESTIGATION 6.3 Modelling a solar and lunar eclipse A lunar eclipse happens when Earth passes directly between the Sun and the Moon. Depending where you are on Earth, Earth blocks some or all sunlight and casts a shadow on the Moon. Lunar eclipses always happen when the Moon is full. Full moons happen once every 29.5 days, which is the time the Moon takes to make one full revolution around Earth. During most months, the full Moon happens when the Moon does not line up with the Sun and Earth. During a lunar eclipse, the Moon is aligned with the shadow cast by Earth. There are three different types of lunar eclipse, much like there are three types of solar eclipse. Each type is named according to how much Earth blocks the light of the Sun, as seen by a viewer on Earth. A total lunar eclipse is seen when the Sun, Earth and Moon are perfectly in line, so Earth’s shadow completely blocks the Moon. Total lunar eclipses are known as ‘blood moons’ because the Moon changes to a striking red colour. Figure 6.7 In a total lunar eclipse, the Moon falls within the darker shadow cast by Earth. Dark shadow (umbra) Lighter shadow (penumbra) KEY SKILL Referencing sources of information Go to page 166 CHECKPOINT 6.3 1 Copy and complete these sentences. a During a solar eclipse, the Moon casts a on Earth. b An annulus is also known as a . c Partial solar eclipses happen when the Sun, Earth and the Moon . 2 Copy and complete these sentences. a Lunar eclipses always happen during a . b Penumbral eclipses make the Moon appear . 3 In what ways is a total lunar eclipse different to a penumbral lunar eclipse? 4 Explain what a blood moon is and how it is caused. EXTENSION 5 Write two truths and one lie about lunar eclipses. Swap with a partner to test your knowledge. Partial lunar eclipses are seen when the Sun, the Moon and Earth aren’t completely in line. Only part of the Moon is covered by Earth’s shadow. During a partial eclipse, you can see the curved shape of Earth’s shadow on the Moon. Penumbral lunar eclipses happen when the Moon only passes through the penumbra, which is the outer edge of Earth’s shadow. These eclipses are often not noticed because the Moon appears only slightly dimmer than a regular full Moon. When do lunar eclipses happen? SUCCESS CRITERIA I can explain what solar and lunar eclipses are, including how they occur. I can explain the difference between a partial, annular and total solar eclipse. I can explain the difference between a total, partial and penumbral lunar eclipse. 95
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GOOD SCIENCE VICTORIAN CURRICULUM Y
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GOOD SCIENCE VICTORIAN CURRICULUM Y
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MAKE EVERY LESSON A GOOD LESSON
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Chapter 5 Mixtures . . . . . . . .
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VICTORIAN CURRICULUM SCIENCE LEVELS
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CHAPTER 1: SCIENCE SKILLS 3 SEE-KNO
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CHAPTER 1: SCIENCE SKILLS 2 Get to
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CHAPTER 1: SCIENCE SKILLS Get to kn
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CHAPTER 1: SCIENCE SKILLS 3 Organis
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CHAPTER 1: SCIENCE SKILLS RESULTS T
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Test tube brush Test tube Beaker Br
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION 3 SEE-KNO
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION 2 3 Livin
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION Keys iden
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION 2 Every s
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION 2 Inverte
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION 2 Seeds,
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION Figure 2.
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION 3 Bacteri
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION FINAL CHA
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS 3 SEE-KNOW-WO
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS 3 Decomposers
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS Table 3.2 Org
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS 3 Symbiosis i
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 2.6 Gr
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 3.2 Mo
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 4.1 Co
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 4.3 Ex
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 4.5 Ex
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INVESTIGATIONS METHOD 1 Copy the re
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INVESTIGATIONS RESULTS 30 min Level
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 5.6A E
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 5.6C D
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 5.7B S
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 6.2 Mo
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INVESTIGATIONS 30 min Level 2 TO MO
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 7.1 Cl
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 7.3A D
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 7.4 Th
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 8.1 Pu
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 8.4 He
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 8.6 Me
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INVESTIGATIONS METHOD 1 Copy the re
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 8.9B I
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fractional distillation a method th
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INDEX Aboriginal and Torres Strait
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photosynthesis 30, 31, 36, 42, 109
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Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7

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