Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7

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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 6.3 Modelling a solar and lunar eclipse KEY SKILL REFERENCING SOURCES OF INFORMATION As your science skills become more advanced, you may wish to do some research prior to completing an investigation. This allows you to understand the investigation better; in particular, the science of what is happening. Whenever you do research it is important to get information from trusted sources and to reference where the information came from. When you reference a source, you include details like who the author of the information is, when it was published and the title of the website or article. Hint #1: Two widely used referencing conventions are Harvard and APA. You can look these up to learn more about them, or there are even websites that will format your references for you. AIM To investigate, using a model, how solar and lunar eclipses are explained by the relative positions of the Sun, the Moon and Earth MATERIALS • tape • 2 cardboard tubes or roll of paper • scissors • aluminium foil • coathanger wire (20 cm length) • polystyrene ball (10–12 cm diameter) • ping-pong ball or small polystyrene ball • square of heavy card • retort stand with bosshead and clamp • torch 3 Tape the base to the polystyrene ball. This is the model of Earth. 4 Insert one end of the wire vertically into the Earth model. 5 Make two small holes in the ping-pong ball for the wire to pass through. 6 Cover the ping-pong ball with aluminium foil. This is the model of the Moon. 7 Bend the wire to secure the Moon as shown. The Moon’s equator should be level with Earth’s equator. 8 Adjust the torch using the retort stand so that it is in line with Earth’s equator. The other cardboard tube can be used to direct the light. 9 Dim the lights. 10 Follow the instructions on page 167 to model the solar and lunar eclipse. QUESTIONS 1 For each eclipse, which object is in shadow? 2 For each eclipse, which object is casting the shadow? 3 Does everyone in the world see a solar eclipse? What about a lunar eclipse? Who can’t see them? 4 Do you see solar eclipses at night or in the day? 5 During a solar eclipse, what would you see if you stood on the Moon and looked at Earth? 6 What is the phase of the Moon during a solar eclipse? What about during a lunar eclipse? 7 Why don’t we see a lunar eclipse during every full moon? 8 Do other planets have solar or lunar eclipses? CONCLUSION Copy and complete: ‘The results show that: (respond to the aim)’. METHOD 1 Make a series of small (2 cm), even, vertical cuts around each end of one of the cardboard tubes. 2 Bend the cut pieces of both ends of the cardboard tube outwards and stand the tube upright. Tape one end of the tube to one of the pieces of heavy card to create a base for the model. 166 GOOD SCIENCE VICTORIAN CURRICULUM 7
INVESTIGATIONS 30 min Level 2 TO MODEL THE SOLAR ECLIPSE: 1 Stand facing the torch and swing the wire around until the Moon casts a shadow on Earth. The Moon is now positioned between Earth and the Sun, blocking Earth's sunlight. 2 Show that the shadow moves by slowly rotating the wire. 3 Bend the wire up so that the Moon only partially blocks the Sun. Wire Torch Retort stand Earth Moon TO MODEL THE LUNAR ECLIPSE: 1 Stand facing the torch and swing the wire around until the Moon is completely behind Earth. Earth is now positioned between the Moon and the Sun, blocking the Moon’s sunlight . 2 Bend the wire so that only part of Earth’s shadow falls on the Moon, to model a partial lunar eclipse. Wire Torch Retort stand Moon Earth 167
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GOOD SCIENCE VICTORIAN CURRICULUM Y
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MAKE EVERY LESSON A GOOD LESSON
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Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7

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