Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7

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BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2.3 THE LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM LEARNING INTENTION At the end of this lesson I will understand the importance of the Linnaean classification system and describe its key elements. KEY TERMS naturalist someone who studies nature and its history species a single, specific type of living organism 1 Scientists can classify living organisms in many different ways. What’s most important is that every scientist uses the same system, so that their findings can be compared and they can share information. A system for grouping living things was first proposed by Swedish naturalist Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus in 1753. It’s known as the Linnaean classification system and has been used by scientists ever since. Eight Linnaean levels, from domain to species Carolus Linnaeus’ system classifies organisms by levels called taxa, and each of these levels is divided into groups. These groups are based mainly on cell and structural characteristics, and also on how the organisms behave and reproduce. At the highest level, these groups are huge – a single group might contain all plant life in the entire world. As you go down the levels, the groups become more specific and contain less species. At the top of the system, the most general classifications are domains and kingdoms. The characteristics used to separate these groups are based on cell structure. At the bottom of the system are genuses and species. This is where you can identify individual types of organisms. Here is how the brush-tailed rock wallaby is classified: LITERACY LINK WRITING Create a mnemonic to remember the order of classification: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. An example is ‘Dear Katy Perry Can Often Find Green Shoes’. Classification level Domain Kingdom Phylum Classification for brush-tailed rock wallaby Eukaryota (living organisms with specialised cells) Animalia (animals) Chordata (animals with a backbone) NUMERACY LINK GRAPHING 97% of all animal species are invertebrates. Draw a pie chart showing the percentages of invertebrates and vertebrates. Class Order Family Mammals Marsupialia (marsupials) Macropodidae (wallabies, kangaroos, pademelons) Genus Petrogale (wallabies) Species penicillata (brush-tailed rock wallaby) How many levels are in the Linnaean classification system? 22 GOOD SCIENCE VICTORIAN CURRICULUM 7
CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION 2 Every species has a two-word name All rock wallabies are part of the Petrogale genus, and the brush-tailed rock wallaby’s species name is penicillata. This means that its full scientific name is Petrogale penicillata. This naming is another important part of the Linnaean system: every species is given a two-word scientific name, in addition to its everyday name in English or other languages. These names are developed according to some strict rules: • The first word is the genus name and begins with a capital letter. • The second word is the species name and begins with a lowercase letter. • The name must be shown in italics (or underlined in handwriting). The words in these names are usually Latin or Ancient Greek. Because these languages are no longer actively used, they don’t change over time like modern languages. This is useful because the meanings stay stable and consistent. Even if scientists don’t speak Latin, they can look up the words and find the same meaning each time. What two things make up a scientific name? Figure 2.4 Every organism has a two-part scientific name, which describes its genus and species. Homo sapiens Humans Canis familiaris Domestic dogs (all breeds) Figure 2.3 The brush-tailed rock wallaby’s scientific name is Petrogale penicillata. CHECKPOINT 2.3 1 Explain the difference between a species and an organism. 2 Would you expect there to be more organisms in a species or a genus? Explain your answer. 3 Describe the Linnaean classification system in your own words. 4 Copy and complete these sentences. In a scientific name, the first word is the and begins with a . The word represents the and begins with a . The name must be written in or . 5 Explain why it’s important for all scientific names to be in the same language. 6 Would you expect the red kangaroo to be in the same genus as the brush-tailed rock wallaby? Why or why not? Staphylococcus aureus Golden staph bacteria Felis domestica Domestic cats (all breeds) RESEARCH 7 Undertake research to identify the scientific names of the following animals: polar bear, black rat and great white shark. SUCCESS CRITERIA Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquitoes Pisum sativum Peas Triticum aestivum Common wheat I can describe the Linnaean system of classification. I can describe how a species’ scientific name is formed. 23
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CHAPTER 5: MIXTURES 2 3 Filtration
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CHAPTER 5: MIXTURES 2 Distillation
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CHAPTER 5: MIXTURES 3 Oil spills ca
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CHAPTER 5: MIXTURES FINAL CHALLENGE
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CHAPTER 6: EARTH, THE SUN AND THE M
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CHAPTER 7: EARTH’S RESOURCES 23 S
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CHAPTER 7: EARTH’S RESOURCES FINA
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CHAPTER 8: FORCES 3 SEE-KNOW-WONDER
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CHAPTER 8: FORCES 3 What would happ
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CHAPTER 8: FORCES 2 We can predict
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CHAPTER 8: FORCES 2 The direction o
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CHAPTER 8: FORCES 2 3 Kinetic frict
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CHAPTER 8: FORCES Imagine a mattres
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CHAPTER 8: FORCES 3 On the surface
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CHAPTER 8: FORCES Figure 8.10 The f
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CHAPTER 8: FORCES FINAL CHALLENGE 1
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INVESTIGATIONS KEY SKILLS Writing a
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 2.2 Su
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 2.6 Gr
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 3.2 Mo
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 4.1 Co
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 4.3 Ex
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 4.5 Ex
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INVESTIGATIONS METHOD 1 Copy the re
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INVESTIGATIONS RESULTS 30 min Level
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 5.6A E
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 5.6C D
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 5.7B S
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 6.2 Mo
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INVESTIGATIONS 30 min Level 2 TO MO
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 7.1 Cl
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 7.3A D
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 8.1 Pu
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 8.6 Me
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INVESTIGATIONS METHOD 1 Copy the re
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 8.9B I
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fractional distillation a method th
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INDEX Aboriginal and Torres Strait
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photosynthesis 30, 31, 36, 42, 109
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Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7

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