Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7

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BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES: SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR 5.9 CLEANING UP OIL SPILLS LEARNING INTENTION At the end of this lesson I will be able to discuss how science and technology contribute to finding solutions to a range of contemporary issues, including oil spills. KEY TERMS boom a floating barrier used to temporarily contain an oil spill crude oil oil that has not yet been separated into useable petroleum products oil slick a layer of oil on the surface of water LITERACY LINK VOCABULARY Slick is an example of onomatopoeia (a word that sounds like what it describes). Other examples are words like bang and mumble. How many more can you think of? NUMERACY LINK GRAPHING In five consecutive years, the number of worldwide oil spills was 9, 5, 7, 8 and 5. Display this information in a bar chart. 1 2 Oil is one of the most important materials used today. When refined, it fuels the engines of vehicles, powers factories to produce electricity and is an ingredient in the manufacture of plastics. However, its extraction, transport and use have an impact on the environment. The accidental release of crude oil into the environment is called an oil spill. Oil spills in the ocean can have a significant impact on ecosystems. Understanding the properties of oil and how it mixes with water and other chemicals has allowed scientists to work out methods to clean up oil spills. Oil spills can be caused by different incidents Oil spills into the marine environment can be caused by different events. Crude oil is extracted by drilling it from reservoirs underground. Often this is done from oil rigs in the oceans. If an accident happens during the drilling or pumping process, crude oil can be released into the ocean. Ships use oil as fuel. If a ship breaks down, runs aground, collides with another ship or its fuel tanks are damaged, the oil can leak into the water. Oil is transported by massive ships called oil tankers. If these ships are damaged, the oil that they are carrying can spill into the environment. What is one way that an oil spill could occur? Oil spills can damage the environment When oil is spilled into the ocean it forms a thin layer on the surface known as an oil slick. Over time, the oil slick will spread out to cover a large area. If it comes into contact with the shore line, the oil will stick to and mix in with the sediments. The oil on the surface of the ocean stops oxygen and carbon dioxide gas from dissolving into the water from the atmosphere. If the levels decrease enough, this can kill marine plants and animals. How do oil spills affect the environment? Figure 5.19 Birds caught in oil spills can lose their ability to fly, swim and float, and they can be poisoned by the oil when they try to clean themselves. 84 GOOD SCIENCE VICTORIAN CURRICULUM 7
CHAPTER 5: MIXTURES 3 Oil spills can be contained and filtered Oil slicks float on top of water because oil is less dense than, and immiscible with, water. There are several different ways that oil slicks can be cleaned up by taking advantage of these properties. Floating booms are used to contain oil slicks. Devices called skimmers are then used to scoop or suck oil from the surface of the water within the enclosed areas. This oil can then be processed in a factory to remove any sea water that was also collected. Sorbent booms are a special type of boom that work in a similar way to a disposable nappy, but they only absorb oil. The booms can then be removed and disposed of. If oil hits the shore line it can be difficult to clean up. One way to clean oil from the shore line is to wash the oil back into the water so that it can be easily skimmed off the top. Another way is to remove the contaminated sediment. This is either disposed of in landfill or processed in factories to separate the oil from the sediment. How are oil spills contained and cleaned up? Figure 5.20 Floating booms are used to contain oil spills on the surface of water. The oil can then be skimmed from the surface. CHECKPOINT 5.9 1 Describe one way that an oil spill can happen in the ocean. 2 Describe what happens to oil once it is spilled into the ocean. 3 Why does an oil spill reduce oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in water? 4 Identify two properties of oil that make it easy to clean up when a spill happens in the ocean. 5 Suggest why booms are important in cleaning up oil spills. 6 Explain why clean up crews wash oil on the shore back into the ocean, in reference to being able to collect oil. PERSONAL AND SOCIAL CAPABILITY 7 Working in a group of 4, create a presentation about the worlds largest oil spills. Negotiate with each team member on your specific roles for the project. After the presentation reflect on your team: Was there a specific leader? How did your team handle conflict? Did everyone participate equally? SUCCESS CRITERIA I can explain how separation techniques can be used to clean up oil spills. 85
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GOOD SCIENCE VICTORIAN CURRICULUM Y
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MAKE EVERY LESSON A GOOD LESSON
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Chapter 5 Mixtures . . . . . . . .
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VICTORIAN CURRICULUM SCIENCE LEVELS
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CHAPTER 1: SCIENCE SKILLS 3 SEE-KNO
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INVESTIGATIONS KEY SKILLS Writing a
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 2.2 Su
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 2.6 Gr
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 3.2 Mo
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 4.3 Ex
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 4.5 Ex
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INVESTIGATIONS METHOD 1 Copy the re
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INVESTIGATIONS RESULTS 30 min Level
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 5.6A E
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 5.6C D
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 5.7B S
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 6.2 Mo
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INVESTIGATIONS 30 min Level 2 TO MO
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 7.1 Cl
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 7.3A D
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INVESTIGATIONS METHOD 1 Copy the re
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 8.9B I
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fractional distillation a method th
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INDEX Aboriginal and Torres Strait
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photosynthesis 30, 31, 36, 42, 109
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Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7

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