Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7

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EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES: SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR 6.4 MODELS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM LEARNING INTENTION At the end of this lesson I will be able to explain, using examples, how scientific knowledge and understanding of the world change as new evidence becomes available. KEY TERMS evidence facts and observations that can be used to support or oppose a theory model a simplified way of explaining something complex and real based on evidence LITERACY LINK VOCABULARY The prefix geo- means earth. Think of three words starting with geo- and explain how they relate to Earth. 1 The Sun has guided all living things on Earth since life began. When looking at the sky, we can understand how early civilisations thought the Sun and stars revolved around Earth. The Ancient Greeks were the first people known to make models of nature to explain patterns that they observed. These models allowed them to try to make sense of the world around them using reasoning. The geocentric model put Earth at the centre of the universe Perhaps the first model of the solar system was the geocentric model, which stated that Earth was at the centre of the universe. The word geocentric comes from ‘geo’ (Earth) and ‘centric’ (centred). Aristotle (384–323 BCE) was one of the earliest known writers on astronomy. His observations were made with only the naked eye. He argued that: • Earth was a sphere at the centre of the universe • the planets and the Sun orbited on many perfect and unchanging spheres • these spheres revolved around the unmoving Earth. Claudius Ptolemy (100–175 CE) was another early philosopher and scientist. He supported the idea that Earth was at the centre of the universe, but he suggested that the planets and the Sun revolved around a point outside Earth. What are the main features of the geocentric model? NUMERACY LINK CALCULATION Earth has a radius of 6378 km, while the planet Neptune has a radius of 24 776 km. Create a ratio in its simplest form to compare Earth’s radius to Neptune’s. Figure 6.8 Stonehenge is a circle of standing stones in England, built about 5000 years ago. It was probably used as a calendar and a way to predict solstices. Figure 6.9 In the geocentric model, Earth was at the centre of the universe and the planets and the Sun revolved around it. 96 GOOD SCIENCE VICTORIAN CURRICULUM 7
CHAPTER 6: EARTH, THE SUN AND THE MOON 2 The heliocentric model put the Sun at the centre of the universe The heliocentric model replaced the geocentric model. ‘Helios’ was the Greek god of the Sun – this model got its name because it stated that the Sun was at the centre of the universe. The heliocentric model was created by Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543 CE), who used mathematics (rather than a telescope) to explain the motion of objects in the heavens. His model proposed that: • the Sun, rather than Earth, was at the centre of the universe • Earth and the planets moved in circular orbits around the Sun. Many people didn’t agree with the heliocentric model. Some thought it was dangerous, because it suggested that humans were not the most important beings in the universe. In particular, the early Catholic Church refused to accept this model. Galileo Galilei (1564–1642 CE) was one of the first astronomers to use a telescope. His observations of the solar system provided evidence that overwhelmingly supported the heliocentric model. He faced punishment by the Catholic Church for his work and was placed under house arrest. Eventually the heliocentric model was accepted around the world. But, as telescopes developed, people noticed that stars didn’t orbit the Sun. By the early 19th century, scientists realised that although the Sun is the centre of our solar system, it isn’t the centre of the universe. What are the main features of the heliocentric model? CHECKPOINT 6.4 1 True or false? a Geo means ‘planet’. b The Ancient Greeks believed that Earth was round. c Copernicus made observations using a telescope. d The heliocentric model stated that the Sun was at the centre of the universe. 2 Create a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system. 3 Describe the contributions towards our current understanding of the solar system made by: a Ptolemy b Aristotle c Galileo. 4 Copernicus first presented the heliocentric model, which was thought to be dangerous. Explain why. INQUIRY Figure 6.10 In the heliocentric model, the Sun was at the centre of the universe and the planets had circular orbits. 5 Research the scientists who have contributed to increasing our knowledge of the solar system through time. Organise their discoveries on a timeline to demonstrate your learning. SUCCESS CRITERIA I can explain how historical models of the solar system changed over time. 97
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MAKE EVERY LESSON A GOOD LESSON
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Chapter 5 Mixtures . . . . . . . .
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VICTORIAN CURRICULUM SCIENCE LEVELS
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION 3 Bacteri
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION FINAL CHA
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS 3 SEE-KNOW-WO
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS 3 Decomposers
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS Table 3.2 Org
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS 3 Symbiosis i
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS 2 3 Some micr
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 3.2 Mo
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 4.1 Co
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 4.3 Ex
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 4.5 Ex
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INVESTIGATIONS METHOD 1 Copy the re
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INVESTIGATIONS RESULTS 30 min Level
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 5.6A E
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 5.6C D
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INVESTIGATIONS 30 min Level 2 TO MO
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 7.1 Cl
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 7.3A D
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INVESTIGATIONS METHOD 1 Copy the re
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fractional distillation a method th
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INDEX Aboriginal and Torres Strait
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photosynthesis 30, 31, 36, 42, 109
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Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7

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