Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7
Digital sample of Matilda's newest publication, Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year, authored by Emma Craven and Aaron Elias. For more information visit www.matildaeducation.com.au or email Katrina Tucker, katrinatucker@matildaed.com.au
Digital sample of Matilda's newest publication, Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year, authored by Emma Craven and Aaron Elias. For more information visit www.matildaeducation.com.au or email Katrina Tucker, katrinatucker@matildaed.com.au
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CHAPTER 4: STATES OF MATTER<br />
2<br />
3<br />
The particles in a liquid can move past<br />
each other<br />
The particles in liquids aren’t as close together as they are in solids.<br />
The particles are still strongly attracted to each other, but there’s room<br />
for them to move past each other.<br />
A liquid has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape. A liquid will take on<br />
the shape of its container, because the attraction between the particles<br />
isn’t strong enough to stop them from spreading out. A liquid can’t<br />
be compressed very much, because there isn’t much space between<br />
particles for them to squeeze closer together.<br />
Why does a liquid take on the shape of its container?<br />
Figure 4.3<br />
The particles<br />
in a liquid can<br />
move past<br />
each other.<br />
They will take<br />
on the shape of<br />
their container.<br />
The particles in a gas have large gaps<br />
between them<br />
The particles in a gas are very weakly attracted to each other, so they<br />
can move around a lot. The particles have large gaps between them,<br />
and they are constantly moving in all directions. Some common gases<br />
on Earth are oxygen and carbon dioxide. Air is a mixture of gases<br />
including oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.<br />
A gas has neither a fixed shape nor a<br />
fixed volume. Gases will spread out to fill<br />
up the container they are placed in.<br />
A gas can be compressed because<br />
there is space between the particles.<br />
In a smaller space the gas<br />
particles simply have less room<br />
to move around.<br />
Why can a gas be compressed?<br />
Figure 4.4 The particles in a gas are<br />
weakly attracted to each other. They<br />
can be squashed into a smaller space.<br />
Investigation 4.1<br />
Compressing liquids<br />
and gases<br />
KEY SKILL<br />
Explaining results<br />
using scientific<br />
knowledge<br />
Go to page 149<br />
CHECKPOINT 4.1<br />
1 List three solids, three liquids<br />
and three gases you have<br />
come into contact with today.<br />
2 a My particles are constantly<br />
moving all over the place<br />
and have a weak attraction<br />
to each other. People always<br />
tell me that I will go far in life.<br />
I do not have a fixed shape or<br />
a fixed volume. Who am I?<br />
b My particles are constantly<br />
moving (usually over, under<br />
or past each other) and have<br />
a strong attraction to each<br />
other. I tend to go with the<br />
flow and do not have a fixed<br />
shape (although I do have a<br />
fixed volume). Who am I?<br />
3 a How can a brick wall be used<br />
to explain the particles in a<br />
solid?<br />
b How can a jar of marbles be<br />
used to explain the particles<br />
in a liquid?<br />
c How can a pool table and<br />
balls be used to explain the<br />
particles in a gas?<br />
INQUIRY<br />
4 Plasma is sometimes called<br />
the fourth state of matter.<br />
Use the resources available to<br />
you (including your classmates<br />
and teacher) to research<br />
plasma, and how it differs<br />
from the other three states<br />
of matter.<br />
SUCCESS CRITERIA<br />
I can state the three main<br />
states of matter.<br />
I can describe the behaviour<br />
of particles in each state.<br />
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