Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7

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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 4.4 Exploring melting points KEY SKILL REPRESENTING DATA When you write a formal investigation report there is always a results section that includes your data, often as a table, chart or image. Choosing how to represent your data so that it can be clearly communicated to someone reading your investigation report is an important skill. In this investigation, after you have collected and recorded your data in the results table, turn your table into a chart or graph. Hint #1: There are many ways to visualise your data, such as bar charts, line graphs and pie charts. Make sure you choose the best one for your data set. AIM To investigate the melting and boiling points of different household substances MATERIALS • household liquids (e.g. water, vinegar, dishwashing liquid, cooking oil, juice, milk, candle wax, soft drink) • ice-cube tray (to make ice cubes small enough to fit inside the test tubes) • test tubes (one for each substance, large enough to fit ice cubes) • thermometer • large beaker • Bunsen burner • heatproof mat RESULTS TABLE I1.4 • tripod • gauze mat • matches Sample Melting point Boiling point OPEN FLAMES, HOT LIQUID, WAX AND STEAM ARE HAZARDS. TAKE CAUTION. IF YOU BURN YOURSELF, TELL YOUR TEACHER IMMEDIATELY AND PLACE THE BURNT AREA UNDER COLD RUNNING WATER FOR 20 MINUTES. 60 min Level 2 METHOD 1 The day before the investigation, pour each substance into a separate ice cube mould. Place the trays in a freezer overnight. 2 Collect your solid, frozen samples. 3 Copy the results table into your notebook, adding a title and rows as needed. 4 Set up the Bunsen burner, tripod and gauze mat. 5 Half fill a large beaker with water. This will act as your water bath for the test tube samples. 6 Remove one of the samples from the ice-cube tray and place it into a test tube. Place the test tube into a large beaker. Continue to place test tubes into the beaker if space permits. 7 Set up the apparatus. 8 Light the Bunsen burner beneath the beaker and heat the sample until it has completely melted. Use the thermometer to measure the melting point of the sample and record in your table. 9 If time permits, continue to heat the sample until it begins to boil. If you are boiling several samples together, make sure that there is some space between the test tubes. 10 Use the thermometer to measure the boiling point of the sample and record in your table. 11 Repeat steps 6–10 for the rest of your samples. QUESTIONS 1 Which substances had low melting points? 2 Which substances had high melting points? 3 Which substances had low boiling points? 4 Which substances had high boiling points? 5 Consider the classroom you are currently in. Can you identify something in the room that would have a very high melting point? Justify your answer. CONCLUSION Copy and complete: ‘The results show that: (respond to the aim)’. 152 GOOD SCIENCE VICTORIAN CURRICULUM 7
INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 4.5 Exploring density KEY SKILL WRITING A RESEARCH QUESTION Turn the aim of this investigation into a question that asks what you are trying to discover. This is called a research question. Hint #1: Make sure that your research question has a question mark at the end. Hint #2: Your research question can also be used as a title for an experiment report. AIM To investigate the relative densities of some household liquids and objects MATERIALS • honey • corn syrup • maple syrup • dishwashing liquid • water with food dye (to make it easier to see) • vegetable oil • isopropyl alcohol • plastic building brick (e.g. Lego) • die • coin • ping-pong ball • measuring jug • 1 L measuring cylinder (or any tall glass container) METHOD 1 Use the measuring jug to measure out roughly equal amounts of each liquid to be poured into the measuring cylinder. Depending on the size of your cylinder or container, you may choose to use 100 mL of each liquid. 2 Pour the honey into the cylinder, followed by the corn syrup, maple syrup and dishwashing liquid. Carefully pour the water down the inside of the cylinder to ensure it doesn’t splash. Add the vegetable oil and isopropyl alcohol in the same way. You should have a multi-layered cylinder of liquids, with the densest at the bottom. 30 min Level 2 3 Gently drop the plastic building brick into the measuring cylinder. It will sink through the liquids that are less dense than it, and float on any that are denser. 4 Predict where you think the coin, die and ping-pong ball will stop sinking in the cylinder. Add them, one by one, to check if you are correct. QUESTIONS 1 Which object had the highest density? Suggest how you could tell. 2 What was the role of the liquids in this investigation? 3 Can you think of an object that could float on top of all the liquids? 4 Rank the liquids from most to least dense. CONCLUSION Copy and complete: ‘The results show that: (respond to the aim)’. ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL IS FLAMMABLE. KEEP IT AWAY FROM SOURCES OF SPARKS AND FLAMES. 153
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Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7

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