Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7

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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 8.5 Friction of materials KEY SKILL EXPLAINING RESULTS USING SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE When you write a formal investigation report there is always a discussion section that includes your analysis and explanation of the data you collected. This is where you get to explain your results by linking them to what you already knew about the science of what you are studying. Hint #1: You can use the following sentence stem to write about your results: ‘My data shows … and this makes sense because …’. AIM To investigate how much friction different materials apply to a moving block MATERIALS • 5 × 10 × 10 cm block of wood • 1 m wooden board with a smooth finish • ruler • stopwatch • foil • cotton cloth • woollen cloth • various other materials (if desired) • cooking oil 30 min Level 2 METHOD 1 Copy the results table into your notebook, adding a title and rows as needed. 2 Prop the wooden board up on some books to create a ramp. 3 Set the wooden block at the top of the ramp. Release the block and time how long it takes to slide down the ramp and hit the floor. Repeat two more times, then calculate the average time. 4 Cover the underside of the block with foil, then repeat step 3. 5 Cover the underside of the block with the cotton cloth, then repeat step 3. 6 Cover the underside of the block with the woollen cloth, then repeat step 3. 7 Cover the underside of the block with any other materials you want to check, then repeat step 3. 8 Cover the underside of the block with cooking oil, then repeat step 3. QUESTIONS 1 Which material slowed the block down the most? 2 Which material slowed the block down the least? 3 Explain why the different materials affected the block’s slide, referring to the effects of friction. 4 Suggest a material that would have much more friction and much less friction than those you used in this investigation. CONCLUSION Copy and complete: ‘The results show that: (respond to the aim)’. RESULTS TABLE I8.5 Material Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) Average time (s) Wood Foil 178 GOOD SCIENCE VICTORIAN CURRICULUM 7
INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 8.6 Measuring gravity KEY SKILL IDENTIFYING LIMITATIONS TO THE METHOD AND SUGGESTING IMPROVEMENTS When completing a formal investigation report there is always a discussion section that includes a discussion of potential errors. These errors are limitations (or problems) with the method. For each error you list a way to control it (your suggested improvement). Hint #1: Brainstorm three potential errors that might have occurred in this investigation that could have affected or changed the results you collected (for example, if through human error something was not measured accurately). Now work with a partner to suggest ways each error could be controlled. AIM To investigate the strength of gravitational force QUESTIONS 1 Is there a pattern in your gravitational strength calculations? 2 What can you deduce about the strength of gravity on Earth? 3 How would this investigation be different if you conducted it on the Moon? CONCLUSION Copy and complete: ‘The results show that: (respond to the aim)’. RESULTS TABLE I8.6 20 min Mass (kg) Weight (N) Gravitational strength Level 1 MATERIALS • 5 × 50 g masses • spring balance METHOD 1 Copy the results table into your notebook, adding a title and rows as needed. 2 Attach a 50 g mass to the bottom of the spring balance. The reading on the spring balance shows the weight of the mass (measured in newtons). Record the reading on the spring balance in your table, as well as the mass (after converting it to kilograms). 3 Repeat step 2, adding another 50 g mass each time, until there is a total mass of 250 g on the spring balance. 4 For each reading, calculate the strength of gravity by dividing the weight by the mass. 179
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Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7

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