Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7

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EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES 7.2 NON- RENEWABLE RESOURCES LEARNING INTENTION At the end of this lesson I will be able to describe some features and examples of non-renewable resources. KEY TERMS finite limited in size or amount fossil fuel a natural fuel formed over millions of years from the remains of living things LITERACY LINK READING Quickly scan these two pages, reading the headings and considering the images. What can you predict about this text? What do you think it will be about and include? Also consider what you may already know about this topic. NUMERACY LINK UNITS Electricity is often measured in kilowatt hours (kWh), which is the amount of energy that would be used in one hour by 1000 1 W lamps. By multiplying the number of kilowatt hours by 3 600 000 they can be converted to joules, another measure of energy. Convert 15 kWh into joules. 1 2 Non-renewable resources run out or are not replenished in a human life span. Fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil, as well as rocks and minerals, are some examples of non-renewable resources that humans use. Some of these resources take thousands or even millions of years to form. Fossil fuels include coal, oil and gas Fossil fuels include coal, crude oil and natural gas. These resources are produced from the remains of ancient plants and animals, in processes that take hundreds of millions of years. While fossil fuels are still being formed today, they are being removed and used at a rate that is much faster than they are being restored. Coal is formed from the remains of ancient swamps. This plant matter builds up over time and doesn’t decay. As the plant matter is buried, heated and squashed under tonnes of soil, the water and impurities are squeezed out and it slowly changes into coal. Oil and natural gas are formed from the remains of tiny marine organisms, such as algae and plankton, that die and sink to the bottom of the ocean. Conditions at the bottom of the ocean stop them from breaking down, so the remains build up in the sediment. This happens over millions of years. As the sediments are buried, heated and squashed, the remains undergo chemical reactions that produce oil and natural gas. Fossil fuels are often burnt to provide heat energy. In power plants, this heat energy is used to change water into steam, which then spins large, fan-like machines called turbines. The use of fossil fuels creates large amounts of carbon dioxide which is released into the environment. This increase in carbon dioxide gas leads to air pollution as well as climate change. How are fossil fuels formed? Nuclear fuels are rare and finite Nuclear fuels are used to power nuclear power stations, which operate similarly to coal power stations in that they produce heat that turns a turbine to generate electricity. The most common nuclear fuel is uranium, which is mined in 19 countries including Australia. Only very small quantities of uranium are needed to power a nuclear power plant, but uranium is still considered non-renewable because it is a finite resource – there is only a limited amount available on Earth. The use of nuclear power is a controversial issue. If something does go wrong, the effects can be long-lasting and extremely dangerous. Why is uranium considered non-renewable? 106 GOOD SCIENCE VICTORIAN CURRICULUM 7
CHAPTER 7: EARTH’S RESOURCES 3 Rocks and minerals provide metals Rocks and minerals are non‐renewable resources because there are only limited amounts close to Earth’s surface that humans can access. Rocks are useful resources as building materials. They can be cut to create building stone or crushed to add strength to roads and concrete. Rocks can contain minerals that hold useful metals such as aluminium, copper and iron. These minerals are known as metal ores, and when they are found in large amounts they are called mineral deposits. Mining and extraction processes remove and purify metals from their ores for use to manufacture many items. Table 7.1 Common metals mined in Australia Metal Mineral ore/s States mined Iron Hematite, magnetite Useful property Use WA Strong Steel Aluminium Bauxite Qld, NT Lightweight Aluminium cans, aircraft Copper Chalcopyrite Qld, SA, NSW, WA Zinc Sphalerite Qld, NSW, NT, Tas, WA <strong>Good</strong> conductor of electricity Resistant to corrosion Electrical wiring, computers, coins Galvanising steel, zinc creams Why are rocks and minerals nonrenewable resources? INVESTIGATION 7.2 Investigating soil erosion KEY SKILL Identifying the variables and formulating a hypothesis Go to page 170 CHECKPOINT 7.2 1 Give five examples of non‐renewable resources. 2 Explain how fossil fuels are used as a resource. 3 What are some of the problems with using fossil fuels as a resource? 4 Why are minerals, fossil fuels and nuclear fuels all non‐renewable resources? 5 Justify why recycling is important to manage a non‐renewable resource. 6 Of the three non-renewable resource categories discussed in this section, identify which one you think is the most important. Justify your response. 7 Fossils fuels are considered finite. Explain why. ETHICAL CAPABILITY 8 The use of nuclear power is an ethical issue. Brainstorm some of the social, economic and environmental considerations of nuclear power. Figure 7.4 Huge amounts of stone, such as this marble, are quarried for use as building materials. SUCCESS CRITERIA I can explain what a nonrenewable resource is. I can give examples of some non-renewable resources and their features. I can describe what a fossil fuel is. 107
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GOOD SCIENCE VICTORIAN CURRICULUM Y
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GOOD SCIENCE VICTORIAN CURRICULUM Y
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MAKE EVERY LESSON A GOOD LESSON
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Chapter 5 Mixtures . . . . . . . .
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VICTORIAN CURRICULUM SCIENCE LEVELS
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CHAPTER 1: SCIENCE SKILLS 3 SEE-KNO
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CHAPTER 1: SCIENCE SKILLS 2 Get to
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CHAPTER 1: SCIENCE SKILLS 3 Organis
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Test tube brush Test tube Beaker Br
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION 3 SEE-KNO
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION 2 3 Livin
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION Keys iden
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION 2 Every s
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION 2 Inverte
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION 2 Seeds,
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION Figure 2.
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION 3 Bacteri
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CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFICATION FINAL CHA
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS 3 SEE-KNOW-WO
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS 3 Decomposers
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS Table 3.2 Org
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS 3 Symbiosis i
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS 2 3 Some micr
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS 2 3 Removing
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS 3 Reducing an
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS Figure 3.16 T
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CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS FINAL CHALLEN
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CHAPTER 4: STATES OF MATTER 3 SEE-K
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INVESTIGATIONS RESULTS 30 min Level
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 5.6A E
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 5.6C D
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 5.7B S
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 6.2 Mo
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INVESTIGATIONS 30 min Level 2 TO MO
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 7.1 Cl
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 7.3A D
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 7.4 Th
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 8.1 Pu
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 8.4 He
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 8.6 Me
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INVESTIGATIONS METHOD 1 Copy the re
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INVESTIGATIONS Investigation 8.9B I
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fractional distillation a method th
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INDEX Aboriginal and Torres Strait
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photosynthesis 30, 31, 36, 42, 109
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Good Science Victorian Curriculum Year 7

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