The Marines, Counterinsurgency, and Strategic Culture

Counterinsurgency in Iraq 249
13. Groen and Contributors, With the 1st Marine Division, 133 (italics in original).
14. Col. James A. “Al” Pace, “Civil- Military Operations Center,” Marine Corps
Gazette (June 2005), cited 10, 10–13. See also Staff of the Marine Corps Center
for Lessons Learned, “Operation IRAQI FREEDOM Lessons Learned,”
Marine Corps Gazette (May 2005): 78–81.
15. Reynolds, Basrah, Baghdad, and Beyond, 145, 147.
16. Quoted in West and Smith, March Up, 265–66.
17. Kelly, “Tikrit, South to Babylon”; Brig. Gen. John F. Kelly, “Part II: Tikrit,
South to Babylon,” Marine Corps Gazette (March 2004): 37–41; Brig. Gen.
John F. Kelly, “Part III: Tikrit, South to Babylon,” Marine Corp Gazette (April
2004): 43–47; Col. Christopher C. Conlin, “What Do You Do for an Encore?,”
Marine Corps Gazette (September 2004): 74–80.
18. Pamela Hess, “Feature: In Najaf, U.S. Battles Clerics,” United Press International
(hereafter UPI), July 28, 2003; West and Smith, March Up, 261; Groen
and Contributors, With the 1st Marine Division, 376–97.
19. West and Smith, March Up, 265.
20. Kelly, “Part III: Tikrit, South to Babylon,” 45.
21. Ibid.
22. Quoted in Shultz, Marines Take Anbar, 62.
23. The Estes account claims zero combat deaths, a claim later corrected by
Marine Corps leadership according to Frank Hoffman, correspondence with
the author, December 17, 2016; Estes, U.S. Marines in Iraq, 1.
24. West, No True Glory, 50.
25. Hoffman, Learning while under Fire, 177.
26. Ibid., 48, 64.
27. PFC Rich Mattingly, “‘America’s Battalion’ Trains to Win Small Wars,” Leatherneck
(December 2004), 34.
28. Gen. Jim Mattis, correspondence with the author, December 2015; West, No
True Glory, 3–7.
29. West, No True Glory, 12; Shultz, Marines Take Anbar, 64–65.
30. West, Strongest Tribe, 29.
31. Ross W. Simpson, “Fallujah: A Four Letter Word,” Leatherneck (February
2005): 16–21.
32. Enlisted Marine Adam Keliipaakaua, correspondence with the author, July 16,
2014; Simpson, “Fallujah: A Four Letter Word,” 16–21.
33. Ardolino, Fallujah Awakens, 57.
34. West, No True Glory, xx.
35. Recorded in Estes, U.S. Marines in Iraq, 31.
36. Gen. James N. Mattis, correspondence with the author, December 2015; Gen.
James T. Conway, interview in McWilliams and Wheeler, Al- Anbar Awakening,
1:49–51.
37. Robert D. Kaplan, “Five Days in Fallujah,” Atlantic, July/August 2004,
https://​www​.theatlantic​.com​/magazine​/archive​/2004​/07​/five​- days​- in​- fallujah​
/303450/.