The Marines, Counterinsurgency, and Strategic Culture

304 Index
Lejeune, John A., 69, 79n24, 89, 92
lessons learned and lost, 1–3, 256–81;
in Banana Wars, 2, 5–6, 148, 150–51,
234; blind spots and, 7; for civic
action, 271–72; counterinsurgency
formulas, 263–64; for culture, 259–
62; defined, 6; for future application,
270–71; future counterinsurgencies
and, 273–78; for intelligence assets,
258–59; in Iraq, 224–30, 233–39,
244–47; for nation- building, 266–70;
overview, 256–57; for success measures,
264–66; for timing of departures,
272–73; for training of local
security, 257–58; in Vietnam, 234,
244–46
liberalism, 39
Lima, Jeremy D., 87
Linn, Brian, 46
local forces, military training of: in
Banana Wars, 145–47, 149, 191,
257–58; blind spots in, 257–58; in
Iraq, 240, 268–69; lessons on, 257–
58; professionalism and discipline in,
98; in Vietnam, 152, 168, 212
local governments: dictatorships after
US intervention, 147, 150, 185,
190–92, 267–68; legitimacy of, 153,
198, 234, 268–70, 277–78; Marine
occupation of, 144–48, 185–87;
rebuilding, 154–55
local populations: in Afghanistan,
101; anti-American sentiments of,
146, 153, 191; censorship of, 146;
empowerment of, 268; entitlement
mentalities of, 195–97; forced labor
of, 144, 211; humiliation of, 243–44;
infrastructure projects and, 246–47,
267–68; insurgent exploitation
of, 273; in Iraq, 217–18, 222–26,
230–31, 238–40, 243–47; lack of
gratitude, 41–42, 159, 189, 196, 272;
legitimacy of local government and,
269–70; lessons applied in Iraq, 234–
39, 245–47; Marine abuse of, 92–93,
99, 145–46, 159–65, 205, 230–33;
medical care for, 239; quality of life
improvements and, 142, 145–46,
196–97, 246–47, 268–69; resistance
to Marine intervention, 186; response
to problem-solving style, 43; retaliation
for intelligence, 232; segregation
of Marines from, 161–62; separating
from insurgents, 247; training for
interactions with, 224–25, 235–36; in
Vietnam, 168–72, 208–9, 212; weapons
for, 242–43. See also civic action;
cultural competence of Marines;
infrastructure projects; intelligence
assets; local populations, military
training of; racism
Lofland, John H., III, 62–63, 67
Longhurst, Kerry, 27
loyalty, 9, 92–93, 125, 187–88, 270
Lynn, John, 29
MacArthur, Douglas, 66
MacFarland, Sean, 244, 260, 264, 272
Mahnken, Thomas, 25, 46
Mameluke swords, 95
Mariani, Joseph, 116, 122, 124–25
Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF),
256–57
Marine aviation, 68, 149
Marine Corps: amphibious operations
of, 58, 69–75, 84n122, 132–34; as
amplifier to local systems, 243, 269;
birthday celebration of, 92; blind
spots of, 6–7; capitalization of term,
11n7; as case for focused study,
22–23; casualty rates of, 108, 118,
130, 183n204, 214n24; combat,
preference for, 67, 82n92, 219, 225;
compared to Air Force, 54, 68; compared
to Army, 58–59, 64–65, 81n65,
107, 118, 132; cultural mapping of,
3–4; data sources from, 7–8, 12nn23–
24; doctrinal factions within, 76–78;
elitism of, 61, 62, 65–67, 160; identity
of, 53–85; mottoes and slogans of,
57, 102–3, 213; Navy, affiliation with,
57–58, 69–71; norms of, 115–28;
perceptual lens of, 128–34; public
perception of, 54–56, 61, 66, 73,
79n15, 133, 228, 277; role of, 223,
277; values of, 86–114; versatility