Pre-Colombian Jamaica: Caribbean Archeology and Ethnohistory

142 / Appendix A.
trations). Two of the sherds were thick and heavy, another criterion supportive
of the classification. A carved stone head (perhaps a pestle handle) was found
in the streambed below the hill.
Cotter himself was interested in the Fort, and an associated feature described
by de Wolf as “a beehive shaped chamber about 10 to 15 feet deep.” He carried
out excavations at this location, which have been briefly described (Cotter
1952). Cotter found “a great many Arawak artefacts,” “a few bits of Spanish
pottery and bricks,” and “numerous bits” of eighteenth- to nineteenth- century
English artifacts. A threefold occupation was therefore demonstrated. He also
found “a European bead which might have been a trade bead used by the sailors
of Columbus who, in 1503, were marooned only a mile or two away” (cf. Liberty
Hill [A16] and Cranbrook (A20]). Lee visited the site a number of times,
and describes some of the characteristic artifacts found, including net sinkers
of sandstone and limestone, good quality chert from the Montpelier formation,
and a limestone ornament (perhaps an ear lobe, plug, or labret) similar to
a pendant found at New Forest (T1). Toward the end of his time in Jamaica,
he noted that the site was being overrun by squatters’ shacks, a fact he found
particularly regrettable because he believed that this (rather than any site to the
west of St. Ann’s Bay) corresponded to the Pre- Columbian settlement known
as “Maima.”
References: AJ 1973, 3:1; 1977, 2:3; 1978, 1:3; 1980, 2:4; 1982, 1:6; 1985,
1 and 2:5; Cotter 1952; de Wolf, 1953:236–237; Howard, 1950:71.
Upton (A43)
First observed by Sam Hart in 1978, mapped by Lee in 1980. In that year,
he reported that the site was located on an undeveloped lot and was little disturbed.
“The refuse heaps are comprised mainly of terrestrial snail shells, in
places to depths of about one metre, judging by the contours of the middens.”
Pottery fragments included numerous pieces with “incised cross- hatched rim
and shoulder decorations (and) rim sherds of both plain and filleted styles.”
There were also fragments of griddles, celts, and flints (possibly scrapers). He
concluded that the archaeological material in general was reminiscent of Coleraine
(Y19).
In 1983 John Wilman bought a house on 1 acre of land next to the undeveloped
lot, and he noticed that the roadway leading to the house had cut through
one of the middens. In the bank at the side of the roadway, he first found two
broken bowls, one with alternate oblique and the other with crisscross decoration,
hence similar to those already described by Lee. He then found “numerous