Pre-Colombian Jamaica: Caribbean Archeology and Ethnohistory

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History of Investigation / 17 Vanderwal’s two diagrams showing his stratified sites on the south and north coast have been redrawn and are shown here at Figures 2 and 3. The total number of attributes on the south coast is 2,777, whereas on the north coast the corresponding total is 883. The most marked tendency on the south coast is for filleted rims to increase over time at the expense of plain rims. This tendency was already manifest in Howard’s 1964 sample from White Marl (Silverberg et al. 1972:Figure 5) but there is a difference. In 1964 filleted rims were still present, albeit in reduced numbers, at the base of the sequence. In Vanderwal’s case, fillets entirely disappear in the lower part of the White Marl succession, even though it has to be said that the quantity of material available in these levels is in any case small. The difference between the two diagrams is important for historical reasons, in that on the basis of the earlier sequence, some Jamaican archaeologists (in ignorance of Vanderwal’s results) came to assume that any site without fillets must antedate White Marl. Clearly that is erroneous. Vanderwal regarded all three sites on the north coast as belonging to what he called the “Fairfield complex,” equivalent to Howard’s Montego Bay substyle. In the case of J1 and J3, there is no doubt about that, but whether Bengal can be so classified has hitherto been open to doubt. Lee for some reason did not regard it as a Montego Bay site, and the available material in our collection, even though we do not know how representative it is, does not suggest that either; but reexamination of Osborne’s excavated material may tell a different story. The most marked tendency in this case is for the number of incised fillets to increase with time. Vanderwal himself suggested that the “Fairfield complex” had evolved out of the White Marl complex on the north coast. From our point of view, the value of the Vanderwal diagrams is that they put some kind of quantification upon certain of the tendencies characteristic of the White Marl and Montego Bay styles as already defined in general terms by Howard. Thus, as he said, the White Marl assemblages have characteristic geometric incised designs and extensively decorated lugs and handles, whereas the Montego Bay assemblages have deep heavy incisions on wide rims. Vanderwal’s diagrams confirm the importance of these attributes. There are some obvious chronological trends in both cases, and again Vanderwal’s diagrams are useful in bringing this out. Because of the differences between the two diagrams, Vanderwal came to the conclusion that in Pre- Columbian Jamaica there was little or no contact between the people living on the north and south coasts, but this conclusion seems to be unwarranted. In his thesis, Vanderwal did not address the problem of the Jamaican Redware sites. Nonetheless, he carried out excavations at Bottom Bay (M4) in
Figure 2. Vanderwal’s mode stratification: South Coast. Key to Vanderwal’s modes: 1. Plain rims, 2. Filleted rims, 3. Bevelled rims, 4. Alternate- oblique incisions, 5. Incision on fillet, 6. Incision on strip, 7. Serrated lugs, 8. Plain lugs, 9. Other decoration. Figure 3. Vanderwal’s mode stratification: North Coast. Key to Vanderwal’s modes: 1. Plain rims, 2. Filleted rims, 3. Bevelled rims, 4. Alternate- oblique incisions, 5. Incision on fillet, 6. Incision on strip, 7. Serrated lugs, 8. Plain lugs, 9. Other decoration.
Page 2 and 3: PRE-COLUMBIAN JAMAICA
Page 4 and 5: PRE- COLUMBIAN JAMAICA P. ALLSWORTH
Page 6: Contents List of Illustrations vii
Page 9 and 10: viii / Illustrations 16. Sketch pla
Page 12 and 13: Acknowledgments The principal fundi
Page 14: The Lee Collection CD- ROM Inventor
Page 18 and 19: 1 / Introduction This book on Pre-
Page 20 and 21: Introduction / 3 4 considers the en
Page 22 and 23: Introduction / 5 vides general info
Page 24 and 25: Introduction / 7 6. Bones and shell
Page 26 and 27: History of Investigation / 9 be wha
Page 28 and 29: History of Investigation / 11 sible
Page 30 and 31: History of Investigation / 13 riod
Page 32 and 33: History of Investigation / 15 build
Page 36 and 37: Table 1. Sites Excavated by Vanderw
Page 38 and 39: History of Investigation / 21 As he
Page 40 and 41: History of Investigation / 23 Recen
Page 42 and 43: History of Investigation / 25 metri
Page 44 and 45: History of Investigation / 27 char
Page 46 and 47: History of Investigation / 29 jug w
Page 48 and 49: History of Investigation / 31 erate
Page 50 and 51: Frameworks for Caribbean Prehistory
Page 64 and 65: Environment, Fauna, and Flora / 47
Page 78 and 79: 5 / Nature of the Collection The si
Page 80 and 81: Nature of the Collection / 63 Figur
Page 82 and 83: Nature of the Collection / 65 Figur
Page 84 and 85:
Nature of the Collection / 67 in th
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Figure 12. Stone artifacts. S2 Dove
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Figure 14. Stone, shell, and earthe
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Nature of the Collection / 73 beads
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6 / Mapping the Sites James Lee com
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Figure 16. Sketch plan of Round Hil
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Mapping the Sites / 79 Figure 17. A
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Figure 18. Elevation and distance f
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Figure 19. Areas (m 2 ) for all mid
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Cultural Variants / 85 Figure 20. R
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Cultural Variants / 87 ent, and if
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Cultural Variants / 89 predominant
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Cultural Variants / 91 Figure 23. F
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Cultural Variants / 93 Figure 24. T
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Cultural Variants / 95 far the only
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Cultural Variants / 97 (Howard 1950
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Cultural Variants / 99 Table 6. Six
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Cultural Variants / 101 Table 8. Ca
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Cultural Variants / 103 Table 9. Ja
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Petroglyphs and Pictographs / 105 a
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Petroglyphs and Pictographs / 107 h
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Petroglyphs and Pictographs / 109 c
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9 / Excavated Sites and Fauna Excav
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Excavated Sites and Fauna / 113 Ver
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Excavated Sites and Fauna / 115 At
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Excavated Sites and Fauna / 117 Aud
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Excavated Sites and Fauna / 119 Tab
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Excavated Sites and Fauna / 121 dae
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Excavated Sites and Fauna / 123 Fig
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Burials and Human Remains / 125 Blu
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Burials and Human Remains / 127 Tab
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Table 13. Identified Human Bones in
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Burials and Human Remains / 131 dep
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Conclusion / 133 the island in rela
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Appendix A List of Principal Excava
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Principal Excavated Sites in Jamaic
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Table 23. Comparison of Faunal Rema
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Table 25. Rodney’s House (S5) Ver
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A23 York Castle A24 Moneague A25 Oc
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192 / Appendix B. M6 Gibb’s Run S
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Appendix C List of Appendixes in th
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Appendixes in the CD- ROM / 197 Fau
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200 / Appendix D. CONTENTS Page Lis
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202 / Appendix D. Plate IV. Images,
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204 / Appendix D. The Curator of th
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206 / Appendix D. While this accoun
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208 / Appendix D. indicative of Eur
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210 / Appendix D. Helix acuta, Lamk
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212 / Appendix D. At Stewart Castle
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214 / Appendix D. unknown in the ot
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Fig. V. Modern glass phial, from No
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218 / Appendix D. [Since this was w
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220 / Appendix D. Massachusetts, Lo
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222 / Appendix D. often still unite
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224 / Appendix D. The surface of th
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226 / Appendix D. beads made of a k
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228 / Appendix D. mounds, the super
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230 / Appendix D. with a rich soil
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232 / Appendix D. pottery was found
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234 / Appendix D. Belle Vue. On the
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236 / Appendix D. Association at it
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Plate Ia. Crania of aborigines of J
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240 / Appendix D. The average upper
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242 / Appendix D. larger than suffi
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244 / Appendix D. of a canoe, one p
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246 / Appendix D. Botany Bay Cave.
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248 / Appendix D. ering the account
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250 / Appendix D. by him; they are
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252 / Appendix D. CHAPTER III IMPLE
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Fig. VII. Spindleshaped implement,
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256 / Appendix D. Fig. IX. [Listed
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258 / Appendix D. In Porto Rico and
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260 / Appendix D. The “Latimer Co
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262 / Appendix D. volcanic rock, so
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264 / Appendix D. Fig. X. Ornamenta
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266 / Appendix D. British Guiana Of
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268 / Appendix D. limestone rocks i
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Fig. XII. Wooden carving in the “
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272 / Appendix D. cipal amulet is o
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274 / Appendix D. the varieties are
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276 / Appendix D. Plate V. Pottery
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278 / Appendix D. CHAPTER VII ROCK-
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Plate VI. Richmond Hill, Vere, Dryl
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282 / Appendix D. incisions, produc
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Plate VII. Rock- Carvings at Mounta
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286 / Appendix D. 1875. Bancroft, H
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288 / References Cited Alegría, R.
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290 / References Cited 2004 Zooarch
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292 / References Cited Deagan, K. 1
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294 / References Cited Gray, C. R.
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296 / References Cited Jones, A. R.
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298 / References Cited national Con
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300 / References Cited Oliver, W. L
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302 / References Cited Roe, P. G.,
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304 / References Cited Stewart, R.
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306 / References Cited Warmke, G. L
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Index Aarons, G. A., 107, 172 Abing
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Cedros, 35 Cedrosan Saladoid, 35, 3
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Green Wall (012), 73, 92 Grenada, 2
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stones, 67, 73; sharpening stones,
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Potoo Hole (Clarendon) (CC22), 23-2
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Tibes (Puerto Rico), 130 time- spac
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Pre-Colombian Jamaica: Caribbean Archeology and Ethnohistory

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