Pre-Colombian Jamaica: Caribbean Archeology and Ethnohistory

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Aboriginal Indian Remains in Jamaica by J. E. Duerden / 209 Fig I. Helix acuta, Lamk., artificially perforated. today on the north side as food and for the extraction of pearls. The removal of the animal is facilitated either by breaking off the apex of the spiral or by perforating the shell in the region of the adductor muscle. Of specimens submitted to him, Prof. O. T. Mason writes: “The shells have their allies in both Florida and in South America, where the perforations are of three kinds— for hafting, for stringing, and for touching up a hard edge for scraping wood. These shells are closely allied also to South American specimens. In our collection here, there are a great many conch shells from Florida that have been used roughly as tools, and clam and mussel shells are neatly pierced for handles. There are also many roughly broken through, and Von den Steiner, in his work on Brazil, says that he has seen the people on the Shinghu break the holes and use the sharp edges for scraping down war clubs.” The perforation is always large in Turbo pica, often having a diameter of two or three inches. The majority of the shells are otherwise perfect, and in the Lamellibranchs the valves are occasionally still united. Some of the shells give evidence of having been subjected to the action of fire. The marine species obtained are all very common forms around the shores today, especially on the south side, and on the score of present distribution, there seems no particular reason why different species should be more characteristic of one series of accumulations than of another. It is evident also, that the edible quality of the mollusk had not much determining influence in this selection; while all the representatives of the Ostreidae can be recommended for food, and those of Pyrula, Strombus, Codakia, and Arca may not be too coriaceous, most of them being still used in places, not much can be said in approval of the Indians’ choice of many of the others. The following list, arranged somewhat in the order of predominance of occurrence, will show the great variety of species met with: Gastropods Pyrula melongena, Linn. Turbo pica, Linn. Helix acuta, var. patina.
210 / Appendix D. Helix acuta, Lamk. Strombus pugilis, Linn. Strombus gigas, Linn. Murex pomum, Gmelin. Murex brevifrons, Lamk. Nerita antillarum, Gmelin. Nerita versicolor, Lamk. Helix jamaicensis, Gmelin. Helix sinuata, Lamk. Neritina virginea, Lamk. Ampullaria fasciata, Lamk. Choanopoma interruptum. Fasciolaria tulipa, Lamk. Purpura patula, Lamk. Fissurella nodosa, Lamk. Chiton, sp. Lamellibranchs (Pelecypods) Codakia (Lucina) tigerina. Arca noae, Linn. Arca occidentalis, Deshayes. [6]Arca orbignyi, Reeve. Arca deshayesi, Hanley. Arca scapha, Lamk. Chama lazarus, Linn. Asaphis coccinea, Gmelin. Perua obliqua, Lamk. Mytilus exustus, Linn. Avicula radiata, Lamk. Ostrea parasitica, Gmelin. Tellina fausta, Dilwin. Modiola americana, Leach. Venus zigzag, Linn. Pecten zigzag, Chemn. Bones Mammalian bones. The bones of the Indian Coney (Capromys brachyurus, Hill.) met with, are mostly limb bones, lower jaws with teeth, and occasionally ribs,
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PRE-COLUMBIAN JAMAICA
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PRE- COLUMBIAN JAMAICA P. ALLSWORTH
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Contents List of Illustrations vii
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viii / Illustrations 16. Sketch pla
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Acknowledgments The principal fundi
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The Lee Collection CD- ROM Inventor
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1 / Introduction This book on Pre-
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Introduction / 3 4 considers the en
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Introduction / 5 vides general info
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Introduction / 7 6. Bones and shell
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History of Investigation / 9 be wha
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History of Investigation / 11 sible
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History of Investigation / 13 riod
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History of Investigation / 15 build
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History of Investigation / 17 Vande
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Table 1. Sites Excavated by Vanderw
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History of Investigation / 21 As he
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History of Investigation / 23 Recen
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History of Investigation / 25 metri
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History of Investigation / 27 char
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History of Investigation / 29 jug w
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History of Investigation / 31 erate
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Frameworks for Caribbean Prehistory
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Environment, Fauna, and Flora / 47
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5 / Nature of the Collection The si
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Nature of the Collection / 63 Figur
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Nature of the Collection / 65 Figur
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Nature of the Collection / 67 in th
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Figure 12. Stone artifacts. S2 Dove
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Figure 14. Stone, shell, and earthe
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Nature of the Collection / 73 beads
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6 / Mapping the Sites James Lee com
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Figure 16. Sketch plan of Round Hil
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Mapping the Sites / 79 Figure 17. A
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Figure 18. Elevation and distance f
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Figure 19. Areas (m 2 ) for all mid
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Cultural Variants / 85 Figure 20. R
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Cultural Variants / 87 ent, and if
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Cultural Variants / 89 predominant
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Cultural Variants / 91 Figure 23. F
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Cultural Variants / 93 Figure 24. T
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Cultural Variants / 95 far the only
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Cultural Variants / 97 (Howard 1950
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Cultural Variants / 99 Table 6. Six
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Cultural Variants / 101 Table 8. Ca
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Cultural Variants / 103 Table 9. Ja
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Petroglyphs and Pictographs / 105 a
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Petroglyphs and Pictographs / 107 h
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Petroglyphs and Pictographs / 109 c
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9 / Excavated Sites and Fauna Excav
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Excavated Sites and Fauna / 113 Ver
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Excavated Sites and Fauna / 115 At
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Excavated Sites and Fauna / 117 Aud
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Excavated Sites and Fauna / 119 Tab
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Excavated Sites and Fauna / 121 dae
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Excavated Sites and Fauna / 123 Fig
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Burials and Human Remains / 125 Blu
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Burials and Human Remains / 127 Tab
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Table 13. Identified Human Bones in
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Burials and Human Remains / 131 dep
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Conclusion / 133 the island in rela
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Appendix A List of Principal Excava
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Principal Excavated Sites in Jamaic
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Page 176 and 177: Principal Excavated Sites in Jamaic
Page 202 and 203: Table 23. Comparison of Faunal Rema
Page 204: Table 25. Rodney’s House (S5) Ver
Page 207 and 208: A23 York Castle A24 Moneague A25 Oc
Page 209 and 210: 192 / Appendix B. M6 Gibb’s Run S
Page 212 and 213: Appendix C List of Appendixes in th
Page 214: Appendixes in the CD- ROM / 197 Fau
Page 217 and 218: 200 / Appendix D. CONTENTS Page Lis
Page 219 and 220: 202 / Appendix D. Plate IV. Images,
Page 221 and 222: 204 / Appendix D. The Curator of th
Page 223 and 224: 206 / Appendix D. While this accoun
Page 225: 208 / Appendix D. indicative of Eur
Page 229 and 230: 212 / Appendix D. At Stewart Castle
Page 231 and 232: 214 / Appendix D. unknown in the ot
Page 233 and 234: Fig. V. Modern glass phial, from No
Page 235 and 236: 218 / Appendix D. [Since this was w
Page 237 and 238: 220 / Appendix D. Massachusetts, Lo
Page 239 and 240: 222 / Appendix D. often still unite
Page 241 and 242: 224 / Appendix D. The surface of th
Page 243 and 244: 226 / Appendix D. beads made of a k
Page 245 and 246: 228 / Appendix D. mounds, the super
Page 247 and 248: 230 / Appendix D. with a rich soil
Page 249 and 250: 232 / Appendix D. pottery was found
Page 251 and 252: 234 / Appendix D. Belle Vue. On the
Page 253 and 254: 236 / Appendix D. Association at it
Page 255 and 256: Plate Ia. Crania of aborigines of J
Page 257 and 258: 240 / Appendix D. The average upper
Page 259 and 260: 242 / Appendix D. larger than suffi
Page 261 and 262: 244 / Appendix D. of a canoe, one p
Page 263 and 264: 246 / Appendix D. Botany Bay Cave.
Page 265 and 266: 248 / Appendix D. ering the account
Page 267 and 268: 250 / Appendix D. by him; they are
Page 269 and 270: 252 / Appendix D. CHAPTER III IMPLE
Page 271 and 272: Fig. VII. Spindleshaped implement,
Page 273 and 274: 256 / Appendix D. Fig. IX. [Listed
Page 275 and 276: 258 / Appendix D. In Porto Rico and
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260 / Appendix D. The “Latimer Co
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262 / Appendix D. volcanic rock, so
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264 / Appendix D. Fig. X. Ornamenta
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266 / Appendix D. British Guiana Of
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268 / Appendix D. limestone rocks i
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Fig. XII. Wooden carving in the “
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272 / Appendix D. cipal amulet is o
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274 / Appendix D. the varieties are
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276 / Appendix D. Plate V. Pottery
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278 / Appendix D. CHAPTER VII ROCK-
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Plate VI. Richmond Hill, Vere, Dryl
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282 / Appendix D. incisions, produc
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Plate VII. Rock- Carvings at Mounta
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286 / Appendix D. 1875. Bancroft, H
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288 / References Cited Alegría, R.
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290 / References Cited 2004 Zooarch
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292 / References Cited Deagan, K. 1
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294 / References Cited Gray, C. R.
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296 / References Cited Jones, A. R.
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298 / References Cited national Con
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300 / References Cited Oliver, W. L
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302 / References Cited Roe, P. G.,
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304 / References Cited Stewart, R.
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306 / References Cited Warmke, G. L
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Index Aarons, G. A., 107, 172 Abing
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Cedros, 35 Cedrosan Saladoid, 35, 3
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Green Wall (012), 73, 92 Grenada, 2
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stones, 67, 73; sharpening stones,
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Potoo Hole (Clarendon) (CC22), 23-2
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Tibes (Puerto Rico), 130 time- spac
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Pre-Colombian Jamaica: Caribbean Archeology and Ethnohistory

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