The cultural context of biodiversity conservation - Oapen

The cultural context of biodiversity conservation
3.2 Perspectives on protected area management ........................................................ 59
3.2.1 Conservation paradigms and local livelihoods .......................................... 60
3.2.2 From conflict to cooperation....................................................................... 61
3.2.3 From principles to practice........................................................................... 64
3.2.4 The remaining quest for participation ........................................................ 65
3.3 Anthropology of landscape ...................................................................................... 67
3.3.1 The polysemic texture of landscape............................................................ 70
3.3.2 Environmental imagery and identity........................................................... 74
3.3.3 Of emplacement and emotional involvement........................................... 76
3.3.4 A matter of worldview .................................................................................. 79
3.4 Anthropology of indigenous knowledge................................................................ 86
3.4.1 The conceptual dimension - definitions and approaches ................................ 89
3.4.2 The empirical dimension - the context of doing.............................................. 94
3.4.3 The symbolic dimension - the context of meaning ......................................... 97
3.4.4 The epistemological dimension - indigenous knowledge and science............ 101
4 THE LOCAL CONTEXT - national policies and indigenous communities................. 109
4.1 The national context................................................................................................ 110
4.1.1 Biological and cultural diversity ................................................................. 111
4.1.2 Historical accounts....................................................................................... 113
4.1.3 From past to present ................................................................................... 115
4.1.4 Environmental policies................................................................................ 118
4.2 The Maya-Q'eqchi'...................................................................................................... 121
4.2.1 Local economy and social structures ........................................................ 122
4.2.2 Historical references .................................................................................... 125
4.3 The conservational context .................................................................................... 129
4.3.1 The National Park Laguna Lachuá.............................................................. 130
4.3.2 The co-management approach .................................................................. 133
4.4 The ethnographic context....................................................................................... 135
4.4.1 The study sites .............................................................................................. 136
4.4.2 Methodological considerations .................................................................. 139
5 LOCAL EXPRESSIONS OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE ............................ 145
5.1 The context of doing - the empirical dimension........................................................ 147
5.1.1 Land use systems.......................................................................................... 148
5.1.2 The milpa cycle .............................................................................................. 152
5.1.3 Silvicultural and horticultural practices..................................................... 161
5.1.4 Further subsistence activities...................................................................... 169