The cultural context of biodiversity conservation - Oapen

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144 The cultural context of biodiversity conservation The majority of settlements located in the surroundings of the National Park Laguna Lachuá exist in an area where the guerrilla movement operated during the 1980s, provoking reinforced counterinsurgency campaigns by the military. It has to be reminded that dozens of communities were completely destroyed and thousands of people killed during the civil war. 77 An informant who was born in 1962 in Roq-há said that he had left his community and moved into the mountains of the Quiché, where he remained for three years. When he returned in 1984, he had lost all of his property. Another informant from the same village recalled that he had been forced by the army to kill his neighbours in order to save his own life. Today, their relatives still live next door. In Roq-há, as in many other sites, former members of the guerrilla and ex-soldiers live together in the same community. Consequently, social divisions and internal conflicts run deep, dismantling the coherence between those who returned after having escaped to mountainous areas or collaborated with the guerrilla and those who allied themselves with the army or were part of paramilitary forces such as the civil self-defence patrols. Due to these conflicts originating in past experiences and ongoing processes of change, traditional institutions have been widely transformed in politically fragmented and socially differentiated villages. Apart from inter-community conflicts on the control of access to land, people reported on cases of lynching that occurred increasingly in the area in response to the lack of efficiency of the police and the rule of law. To ensure the confidentiality of our informants, no real names will be mentioned in the following chapters dealing with local expressions of indigenous knowledge. 77 In a historical account, Flores Arenales (2001) describes how the area north of Cobán was seriously affected by the army.
5 LOCAL EXPRESSIONS OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE Drawing on a wide scale of framing contexts, the following sections move to the focal point of the study and document a selected range of indigenous knowledge expressions. The local context is understood in the sense of a universal frame in which knowledge matters and is formed by phenomena that are physically and spiritually in the world. The chapter highlights the research findings of the fieldwork undertaken in the area surrounding Laguna Lachuá National Park. It follows an analytic scheme that conceptualises knowledge as a blend of empirical and symbolic domains of customary practices articulated in everyday actions and thoughts. As previously outlined, local knowledge, particularly pertaining to the field of natural resource management, is expressed in multiple ways, but first of all in relation to subsistence patterns. Accordingly, the first part of the chapter exemplifies modes of adaptation to the specific landscape features and conditions of the lowland environment. Revealing the highly practical nature of land use systems that have an impact on agricultural and forest biodiversity it concentrates on the diversity of both domesticated and nondomesticated plant species used by the farmers. Building on this tangible dimension, which is essentially based on a rather descriptive approach with a focus on the materiality of place, the second part turns towards the more subtle unseen dimension of human-nature interaction and highlights social mechanism that lie behind customary practices. It interprets the meaning of place and follows the question of how nature is perceived through a screen of images and beliefs. Even though these differentiated dimensions represent distinct realms, they are not to be considered separate phenomena but rather as interwoven extensions of the overall cultural landscape. Succeeding the convergence of knowledge expressions at the nexus of the material and the imaginative, the third part of the chapter moves towards the matrix of socio-historical and
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Göttinger Beiträge zur Ethnologie
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Published in 2008 by Universitätsv
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Bibliographische Information der De
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CONTENTS Acknowledgements Prologue
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Contents 5.2 The context of meaning
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Acknowledgements Many other friends
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ABBREVIATIONS ADICI Asociación de
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2 The cultural context of biodivers
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10 The cultural context of biodiver
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3 THE DISCURSIVE CONTEXT - conceptu
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The discursive context paradigms ar
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The discursive context environmenta
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The discursive context of pluralist
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The discursive context mental chang
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The discursive context and the ›s
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The discursive context More critica
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The discursive context 3.1.3 Concep
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The discursive context ristic power
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The discursive context Given the hi
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The discursive context frame that g
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The discursive context agencies eng
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The discursive context In the end,
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The discursive context entific cred
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The discursive context in a protect
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The discursive context Wells and Br
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The discursive context accelerated
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The discursive context Beyond its s
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The discursive context tivity that
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The discursive context a religious
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The discursive context The sense of
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The discursive context to us as adu
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The discursive context In this way,
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The discursive context concurrence.
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The discursive context In discussin
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The discursive context In the same
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The discursive context efforts payi
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The discursive context 3.4.1 The co
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The discursive context In order to
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Page 125 and 126: 4 THE LOCAL CONTEXT - national poli
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Page 137 and 138: The local context 4.2 The Maya-Q'eq
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Page 141 and 142: The local context 4.2.2 Historical
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Page 149 and 150: The local context 4.3.2 The co-mana
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Local expressions of indigenous kno
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250 The cultural context of biodive
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252 The cultural context of biodive
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EPILOGUE At the end of my last stay
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REFERENCES
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References Atran, Scott et al. (200
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References Brush, Stephen B. & Dore
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References Dove, Michael (1996). Ce
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References Gari, Josep-Antoni (2000
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References Hajer, Maarten & Frank F
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References Kockelman, Paul (2003).
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References Messer, Ellen (2001). Th
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References Oviedo, Gonzalo/Luisa Ma
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References Redford, Kent/Katrina Br
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References — (2002a). Participant
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References UNEP-WCMC (2003). Tradit
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APPENDIX
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Appendix Map 4.3 Alta Verapaz and m
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Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie h
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