The cultural context of biodiversity conservation - Oapen

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162 Timber products The cultural context of biodiversity conservation Timber products are extracted from the forest, the guamil of six to fifteen years growth where the arboreal species have become quite large and the guamil of two to five years growth although in lesser quantities. The farmers imparted their knowledge by naming trees and commenting on their qualities, such as wood strength and suitability for particular uses. Among other often mentioned trees are caoba 25 (Swietenia macrophylla), cedro (Cedrela odorata), canxán (Terminalia amazonia), majagua (Trichospermum grewiaefolium), lagarto (Zanthoxylum sp), malaquete (Xylopia frutescens), plumajillo (Schyzollobium parahybum), santa maría (Callophyllum brasilense var. Rekoi), palo sangre (Virola koschnyi), ramón (Brosimum alicastrum), rosul (Dalbergia sp.), san juan (Vochysia sp.) and tem (Crotom sp.). These species are used for the production of boards, whereas other species such as chaklaawim (Miconia sp.) and irayol (Genipa americana) are commonly used for the production of beams. Rosul (Dalbergia sp.) and tamarindo (Dialium guianensis) are said to be suitable for the fabrication of joists. The bark of the majagua serves to make a sort of headband, which is widely used to carry things on one's back. According to an informant in Roq-há, the tree san juan is the best wood for the making of wooden boxes for beekeeping, as it is a quite soft timber, although one also can use the wood of the trees cola de coche (Pithecelobium arboreu) or medallo (Vatairea lundeii), but these are more inconvenient due to their weight. 26 Other trees such as the tem (Croton sp.), cuje (Inga sp.), guarumo (Cecropia sp.) or canxán (Terminalia amazonia) are mostly used as fuelwood, which the people generally refer to as leña. 27 Despite being very heavy, the latter two species are said to be good for tortear (fire for making tortillas), whereas carboncillo suits particularly well the drying of chili. The collection of firewood proceeds throughout the year, but becomes accentuated in April and May, when the cultivation sites are being cleared. The following table (5.4) indicates the tree species used by the farmers in Roqhá and San Benito. Fig. 5.9 Tree seeds are gathered in the forest to transplant them to new sites 25 Caoba, which is the local name for mahogany, is the most valuable timber species in the area and represents a major source of timber-derived revenue in the communities. As the trees are of high economical value, it has been reported that their number is currently diminishing due to increased logging activities. 26 Although beekeeping has been fostered in the development of non-timber forest products in the area, it has not been established widely within the communities under study. The harvesting of honey produced by wild bees (*k'ab') using traditional methods that afford little technical assistance such as smoke have nevertheless been reported. 27 According to Reinoso et al. (2001), fuelwood is the principal resource used by the communities in the area. For domestic needs, the average monthly consumption of leña comprises almost three m 3 per household.
Local expressions of indigenous knowledge Table 5.4 Timber products used by farmers in Roq-há and San Benito Common name Scientific name 1. Ancin 2. B'ache / tem Croton sp. 3. Bacihuano 4. Cacho de toro / sub'in Acacia sp. 5. Canxán Terminalia amazonia 6. Caoba / sutz'ul Swietenia macrophylla 7. Carboncillo 8. Cedro / yaw Cedrela odorata 9. Ch'acop 10. Chaqlaawim Miconia sp. 11. Chaxte' Brumselfia sp. 12. Cuje / choochok' Inga sp. 13. Cola de coche / suj Pithecelobium arboreum 14. Conacaste Enterolobium cyclocarpum 15. Guarumo / ch'oop Cecropia sp. 16. Ich'te 17. Irayol Genipa Americana 18. Iximche' Cleyera theaeoides 19. Kortéz / kisaak'am Tabebuia guayacan 20. K'ub'ulte' 21. Jocote de mico / pook Spoandias purpurea 22. Lagarto / poy Zanthoxylum sp. 23. Luín Ampelocera sp. 24. Majagua / chaip' Trichospermum grewiaefolium 25. Malaquete Xylopia frutescens 26. Marío 27. Medallo /sib'ikte Vatairea lundeii 28. Muy Lucuma durdlandii 29. Palín 30. Palo de hormigo / saank'che Platymiscium dimorphandrum 31. Pali de pito / tzinte' 32. Palo jiote / kakaj che' Bursera simarabu 33. Palo sangre Virola koschnyi 34. Plumajillo / k'ukte' Schyzollobium parahybum 35. Pompte' 36. Quanparaguay Vismea camparaguay 37. Ramón / aax, ujuxte Brosimum alicastrum 38. Rosul Dalbergia sp. 39. Santa María / leech Callophyllum brasilense var. Rekoi 40. San Juan / ranchab' Vochysia sp. 41. Siete Camisas / kaq'ut Ledembergia macrantha 42. Suchaj 43. Tamarindo / laaw'im Dialium guianensis 44. Wojte' 45. Wowol Rinorea guatemalensis Source: Field survey with Sindy Hernández and informants 163
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Göttinger Beiträge zur Ethnologie
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Published in 2008 by Universitätsv
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Bibliographische Information der De
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CONTENTS Acknowledgements Prologue
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Contents 5.2 The context of meaning
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Acknowledgements Many other friends
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ABBREVIATIONS ADICI Asociación de
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2 The cultural context of biodivers
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10 The cultural context of biodiver
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3 THE DISCURSIVE CONTEXT - conceptu
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The discursive context paradigms ar
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The discursive context environmenta
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The discursive context of pluralist
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The discursive context mental chang
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The discursive context and the ›s
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The discursive context More critica
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The discursive context 3.1.3 Concep
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The discursive context ristic power
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The discursive context Given the hi
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The discursive context frame that g
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The discursive context agencies eng
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The discursive context In the end,
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The discursive context entific cred
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The discursive context in a protect
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The discursive context Wells and Br
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The discursive context accelerated
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The discursive context Beyond its s
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The discursive context tivity that
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The discursive context a religious
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The discursive context The sense of
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The discursive context to us as adu
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The discursive context In this way,
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The discursive context concurrence.
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The discursive context In discussin
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The discursive context In the same
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The discursive context efforts payi
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The discursive context 3.4.1 The co
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The discursive context In order to
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The discursive context Apart from t
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The discursive context and organisi
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The discursive context 3.4.3 The sy
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The discursive context terms throug
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The discursive context Nevertheless
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The discursive context hypotheses.
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The discursive context for a partic
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The discursive context tions with t
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4 THE LOCAL CONTEXT - national poli
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Page 137 and 138: The local context 4.2 The Maya-Q'eq
Page 139 and 140: The local context The integration o
Page 141 and 142: The local context 4.2.2 Historical
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Page 149 and 150: The local context 4.3.2 The co-mana
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Page 155 and 156: The local context 4.4.2 Methodologi
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Local expressions of indigenous kno
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250 The cultural context of biodive
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252 The cultural context of biodive
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EPILOGUE At the end of my last stay
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REFERENCES
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References Atran, Scott et al. (200
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References Brush, Stephen B. & Dore
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References Dove, Michael (1996). Ce
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References Gari, Josep-Antoni (2000
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References Hajer, Maarten & Frank F
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References Kockelman, Paul (2003).
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References Messer, Ellen (2001). Th
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References Oviedo, Gonzalo/Luisa Ma
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References Redford, Kent/Katrina Br
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References — (2002a). Participant
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References UNEP-WCMC (2003). Tradit
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APPENDIX
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Appendix Map 4.3 Alta Verapaz and m
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Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie h
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