Anatolian Civilizations and Historical Sites - TEDA

ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:49 AM Sayfa
Single-roomed attached houses having rectangular and square plans
were uncovered here. The pottery was glazed. Pots were painted red
and embellished with engravings on a cream undercoating. Southern
sections of Eastern Anatolia were seemingly influenced by Syria and
Mesopotamia during the subsequent periods of the Early Chalcolithic
Age. This interaction is organized into two stages known as Halaf and
Ubeyd cultures. The tumuli of Yumuktepe and Gözlükule seemingly
came under the influence of the Halaf and Ubeyd cultures in the Early
Chalcolithic Age. The tumulus of De¤irmendere by the Euphrates
stands out as a center representing the Ubeyd stage where large-scale
research was conducted.
Important centers from the beginning of the Late Chalcolithic Age are
Kumtepe of the Dardanelles Strait, Befliktepe, Sivritepe, Karaa¤açtepe
in Gelibolu, Toptepe in Northern Marmara and Demircihöyük in
Eskiflehir. Denizli Beycesultan and Aphrodisias were centers in
Western Anatolia dating to the Late Chalcolithic Age, continuously
resided in between 3800-3300 BC. Kuruçay in the Lakes Region,
presenting materials from the Late Chalcolithic Age, is remarkable with
rectangular-planned and single-roomed houses lined up from back to
front. For the first time arrow heads from purified copper, and cast
tools such as knives, axes, chisels and needles were made during this
period, which indicates the formation of a social class in Kuruçay. The
other settlements of this period are Küllüoba in Eskiflehir, Yaz›rhöyük
in Ankara, Hashöyük in K›rflehir, Gelveri and Güvercinkaya in Aksaray,
Kuflsaray, Alacahöyük and Büyük Göllüce in Çorum, Kayap›nar and
Aliflar in Yozgat, ‹kiztepe in Samsun.
The most developed settlements around the end of the Age (3700-3500
BC) were Norfluntepe, Çayboyu, Korucutepe in Alt›nova and Arslantepe
in Malatya. Around the middle of the 4 th millennium, one of the cultures
subsequent to the Ubeyd culture in Southern Mesopotamia is the Uruk
stage. During this period, also known as ‘the Late Chalcolithic-Early
Bronze Transition Period I’, trade was further organized and trade
stations were established. Tepecik and Norfluntepe in Alt›nova were
small trade centers. The 5 th layer of Hassekhöyük on the left bank of the
Euphrates represents the Late Uruk Period. Samsat and Lidar near
Ad›yaman, and the Hac› Nebi Hill in Birecik are the other stations. At
a slightly later stage, a temple and palace complex in Arslantepe, which
had greater number of local characteristics, was uncovered. Evidently,
pottery developed during this period with the introduction of the use
of lathe.
13