Anatolian Civilizations and Historical Sites - TEDA

ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:51 AM Sayfa
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standing until the 14 th century, when it collapsed in an earthquake. More
significant was the damage caused by the Knights of Rhodes, when they
erected the castle walls we see today by plundering the ashlar blocks
from the memorial tomb in 1402. In 1846, the Ottoman Sultan
Abdulmecit issued a decree permitting British Ambassador Lord
Stratford Canning to ship the Maussollos friezes that were in the Bodrum
Castle to the British Museum. As the director of the excavation site at
the time, Newton had shipped off the remaining frieze fragments as well
as the statues of both Maussollos and his wife Artemisia that originally
stood atop the Maussolleion, to the British Museum in 1857. Today, the
remnants of this memorial’s foundation, measuring 32x38 m., can be
seen in a field measuring 242.5x105 m. next to the road to Gümbet.
When Queen Artemisia died in 351 BC, Idrieus ascended to the throne
and was succeeded by Ada in 344. However, she was deposed by her
younger brother Pixodaros, who exiled Ada to Alinda. When Alexander
entered Anatolia in 334, he found Ada in Alinda. She proclaimed him to
be her adopted son and in return, he reinstated her to the Halicarnassos
throne. After Alexander’s death, the region was ruled by Lysimachus in
301 and then later on by the Ptolemic dynasty. In 189 BC, Halicarnassos
was forced under the yoke of Rhodes, then over to the Pergamon
Kingdom in 167 BC. The city came under Roman rule after 133 BC.
While the Roman states were being reorganized in the 4 th century AD,
Caria constituted a separate state, whereas Halicarnassos became the
Archbishopric under the administration of the Aphrodisias Metropolitan.
Upon entering Anatolia in 1071, the Turks began establishing provinces
in the regions they had settled. Case in point, under the command of
Mentefle Bey, the Turks took over this region and established the
Mentefle Province in 1274. This area was finally put under Ottoman rule
during the reign of Süleyman the Magnificent. As was mentioned at the
beginning of this chapter, not much remains to this day of Halicarnassos
as it is buried under the modern town of Bodrum. The theater on the hill
belongs to the Maussollos Period. Excavation and restoration work on
the theater was conducted in recent years, during which 30 rows of
seating in the lower section have been brought to light. On the southern
slope of the theater, the upper section of which is heavily damaged, we
encounter rock tombs belonging to the Hellenistic-and Roman-Periods.
Ancient sources reveal that 1) the Temple of Mars and the stoa of Apollo
lie beneath the road in front of the theater, 2) the Temple of Hermes and
the Temple of Aphrodite were situated on both sides of Kaplankale,