Anatolian Civilizations and Historical Sites - TEDA

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ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:51 AM Sayfa 154 standing until the 14 th century, when it collapsed in an earthquake. More significant was the damage caused by the Knights of Rhodes, when they erected the castle walls we see today by plundering the ashlar blocks from the memorial tomb in 1402. In 1846, the Ottoman Sultan Abdulmecit issued a decree permitting British Ambassador Lord Stratford Canning to ship the Maussollos friezes that were in the Bodrum Castle to the British Museum. As the director of the excavation site at the time, Newton had shipped off the remaining frieze fragments as well as the statues of both Maussollos and his wife Artemisia that originally stood atop the Maussolleion, to the British Museum in 1857. Today, the remnants of this memorial’s foundation, measuring 32x38 m., can be seen in a field measuring 242.5x105 m. next to the road to Gümbet. When Queen Artemisia died in 351 BC, Idrieus ascended to the throne and was succeeded by Ada in 344. However, she was deposed by her younger brother Pixodaros, who exiled Ada to Alinda. When Alexander entered Anatolia in 334, he found Ada in Alinda. She proclaimed him to be her adopted son and in return, he reinstated her to the Halicarnassos throne. After Alexander’s death, the region was ruled by Lysimachus in 301 and then later on by the Ptolemic dynasty. In 189 BC, Halicarnassos was forced under the yoke of Rhodes, then over to the Pergamon Kingdom in 167 BC. The city came under Roman rule after 133 BC. While the Roman states were being reorganized in the 4 th century AD, Caria constituted a separate state, whereas Halicarnassos became the Archbishopric under the administration of the Aphrodisias Metropolitan. Upon entering Anatolia in 1071, the Turks began establishing provinces in the regions they had settled. Case in point, under the command of Mentefle Bey, the Turks took over this region and established the Mentefle Province in 1274. This area was finally put under Ottoman rule during the reign of Süleyman the Magnificent. As was mentioned at the beginning of this chapter, not much remains to this day of Halicarnassos as it is buried under the modern town of Bodrum. The theater on the hill belongs to the Maussollos Period. Excavation and restoration work on the theater was conducted in recent years, during which 30 rows of seating in the lower section have been brought to light. On the southern slope of the theater, the upper section of which is heavily damaged, we encounter rock tombs belonging to the Hellenistic-and Roman-Periods. Ancient sources reveal that 1) the Temple of Mars and the stoa of Apollo lie beneath the road in front of the theater, 2) the Temple of Hermes and the Temple of Aphrodite were situated on both sides of Kaplankale,
ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:51 AM Sayfa across from the castle and 3) there was the palace of King Maussollos where the mosque is located, in the square in front of the castle. Today, the Myndos Gate, which was a portion of the wall once surrounding the city, can be seen on the road to Gümbet. As the symbol of modern day Bodrum, the castle was built by the Knights of Rhodes in the year 1402. It measures 180x185 m. and its first battlements were erected by German architect Heinrich Schlegolholt. Later on, the castle was reinforced with the Italian, French, English, German Towers as well as the Snake Tower. There are a total of 249 coat-of-arms found throughout the castle walls. The Turks captured it in 1523, and today it serves as the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeological. In the adjacent garden, you are bound to encounter numerous peacocks which seemingly stand guard over the treasures, not terribly unlike their Beefeater counterparts at the Tower in London. There are not many Turkish structures in Bodrum. The famous Bodrum boats or gulet in Turkish, were constructed during the Ottoman Period in a shipyard just beyond the yacht marina. Today, the manufacture of these fine wooden vessels continues in this area. There is the tomb of Kaptan-› Derya K›z›lhisarl› Mustafa Pasha and his son Cafer Pasha situated where this shipyard is located. There is also the mosque in the quay square that was built by Mustafa Pasha in 1720. The Pasha’s steward also had the Tepecik Mosque built. Erected in 1769, the Hac› Molla Inn survives to this day, but not in its original manner. It is a great pleasure just to wander around the Bodrum peninsula and its wonderful bays such as Bardakç›, Gümbet, Bitez, Turgut Reis, Ortakent, Karg›, Adabo¤az›, Aspat Kalesi, Kad›kalesi and Gümüfllük, where the Myndos ruins are found. You can take a daily excursion boat tour to these bays and Karaada, or even if you wish, you can also rent a car to cruise around these bays, as well. Bodrum is one of the traditional points of embarkment for Blue Voyagers; its many bars, cafes, clubs and restaurants offer countless opportunities for fun until the crack of dawn. There are several ruin sites around Bodrum Peninsula, such as the ancient city of Herakleia, established on top of a hill overlooking Bafa Gölü. There you will see the Temple of Athena, which was erected during the Hellenistic-Period. Also, 12 km. outside of Milas, on the side of the road, you will encounter the Roman-era Temple of Euromos Zeus with its 6x11 colonnade. Moreover, situated 13 km. outside Milas, are the impressive ruins of Labraunda. In addition, Iasos, which is located in the village of K›y›k›fllac›k, is worth a visit. 155
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