Anatolian Civilizations and Historical Sites - TEDA

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ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:51 AM Sayfa 160 � �� Plan of Xanthos. 1.City gate 2.Vaspasian gate 3.Nereid Monument 4.Hellenistic walls 5.Polygonal walls 6.Lycian palace 7.Lycian building 8.Church 9.Lycian tomb 10.Roman theater 11.Roman agora 12.Ruins of Roman tombs 13.Lycian tomb 14.Monument of the Harpies 15.Byzantine basilica 16.Lycian tomb 17.Column with insription 18.Church 19.Basilica 20.Tomb of the dancers 21.Lion tomb 22.Payava monumental 23.Lycian monumental tomb 24.Byzantine monastery 25.Necropolis-Merihi Sarcophagus 26.Main Street 27.Basilica carried to its present site during the erection of the theater in the Roman Period. Water from the village of Çay, which is located 15 km. from Xanthos, was brought here via an aqueduct, the cistern of which is found on the Lycian acropolis. On the western flank of the theater, which is remarkably preserved and carries the characteristics of the Roman Age, are three rather flashy monuments. The first one of these dates from the 1 st century AD and is a Roman pillar-tomb; the second monument is a Lycian pillar-tomb, which sits on a high base, has a total height of 8.59 m. and was constructed in the 4 th century BC. The third monument is that of the famous Harpies Tomb, thusly called since Fellow's time through a dubious interpretation of its reliefs. The whole monument, measuring 8.87 m. high, has a base 5.43 m. in height. Large square lifting-bosses have been left projecting on three sides. The chamber at the top was of marble and decorated with reliefs; they were removed by Fellows and the covering stones propped ��
ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:51 AM Sayfa The Xanthos Theater dates back to the Roman Age. up with wooden struts and a pile of stones. The tomb remained in this mutilated condition until 1957, when Turkish authorities installed the cement casts which have done much to restore the beauty of the monument. The reliefs are interesting, but, as often, not easy to understand. On all four sides are seated figures receiving gifts, on the south and east sides a bird, on the north a helmet; on the west side are two seated females, that on the right approached by three standing figures, the other receiving an indistinct object. On the east side are three other female figures, that on the right apparently accompanied by a dog. The figures which have given the tomb its name are on the north and south sides on either side of the seated figures; they represent bird-women with female heads, wings and tails, carrying children in their arms. When the tomb was first discovered, these were recognized as Harpies carrying off the daughters of Pandareos, as described by Homer; the children were left orphaned and were befriended by Hera, Athena, Artemis, and Aphrodite; when Aphrodite went to Olympos to arrange a suitable marriage for them, leaving them unprotected, the Harpies came and snatched them away to be servants of the Furies. That Pandarus was a Lycian hero seemed to give support to this interpretation. But there are difficulties. Pandarus and Pandareos are two different heroes; the latter had two daughters, not four; and the children on the relief are obviously 161
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Anatolian Civilizations and Historical Sites - TEDA

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