Anatolian Civilizations and Historical Sites - TEDA

ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:51 AM Sayfa
discovered and shipped off to Berlin. A second round of excavations took
place in 1900-1913 while a third study was carried out from 1927-1936 by
Theodor Wiegand. Interrupted by World War II, a fourth round of
excavations did not begin until 1957 whereas restoration work is still
being conducted under the direction of German archaeologists.
Excavations are continued today headed by Associate Professor Felix
Pirson. The main part of the city of Pergamon was located between two
streams, the Selinus (now called Bergama Çay›) to the west and the
Cetius (modern day Kester Stream) to the east.
Today, the ruins are comprised of an acropolis or ‘upper’ city, a
middle, or ‘Roman’ city, the so-called 'Red Courtyard' (actually the
Temple of Serapis) and the Temple of Asclepios, the latter of which
is located outside the city proper. In addition, there is a fine museum
in the town of Bergama that houses artefacts from Pergamon as well
as from the surrounding area. Let us now begin our tour from the
Acropolis.
The Upper City: The first building (1) is a heroon from the
Hellenistic Period. This was a temple in which the Pergamon kings
Attalos I and Eumenes II were worshipped as deities. This building
underwent alterations during the Roman Period. The remains (2)
before it were once a row of shops built in Hellenistic times. The main
entrance (3) to the Acropolis takes us to the upper city. As we
advance along this road we come to the outlines of the foundations
of a propylon (4) or monumental outer gateway built by Eumenes II.
This was originally a two-storey structure decorated with reliefs. The
upper storey was in the Doric order while the lower was Ionic.
A recreation of this structure was made in the Berlin Museum using
fragments found during excavations. The propylon led to the Temple
of Athena (6), which was also built by Eumenes II. The precinct was
Plan of Acropolis of Pergamon
1.Heroon 2.Shops built in Hellenistic age 3.Main entrance of the Acropolis
4.Propylon 5.Flight of steps leading up to the palaces 6.Sacred precinct
(temenos) of Athena 7.Temple of Athena 8.Library 9.A house-complex
dating from Hellenistic times 10.Palace of Eumenes II 11.Palace of Attalos I
12.Remains of some Hellenistic houses 13.Barracks and command tower
14.Arsenals 15.Trajaneum Temple 16.Theater 17.Temple of Dionysos
18.Theater terrace 19.Stoa 20.Altar of Zeus, built by Eumenes II 21.Upper
Agora 22.Temple of Agora 23.Bath of acropolis 24.Sacred precinct of
Demeter 25.Sacred precinct of Hera 26.Eastern Bath 27.Upper Gymnasion
28.Middle Gymnasion 29.Temple 30.Attalos house 31.Lower Gymnasion
32.Lower Agora 33.Fountain 34.Houses
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