Anatolian Civilizations and Historical Sites - TEDA

ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:51 AM Sayfa
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south of Anatolia due to political and cultural needs. These cities were
developed thanks to the advantages provided by the sea, in addition to
the influence of transportation. Smyrna is the best example for these
cities, which were made up of rectangular building blocks and had grid
plan with streets vertically intersecting with each other. During the
Hellenistic Period, educational and cultural structures with
monumental appearance were created, and columned streets became
the main elements of the cities. Agoras, which retained their
importance, were surrounded by stoa at three sides, the buildings
related to the city administration were each transformed into a covered
theater, and the cities were surrounded by ramparts, which were made
from stone and had numerous towers and gates.
During this age, even though some elements were taken from eastern
architecture, the basic points remained faithful to Greek architecture.
Whereas the Ionic order continued in Anatolia, the Corinthian order
was also used. The best examples built in this order were the Temple of
Zeus Olbius in Uzuncaburç from the 3 rd century BC and the Temple of
Hekate in Lagina in Caria from the 2 nd century BC.
The fourth biggest temple in Anatolia belonging to the Hellenistic era is
the Temple of Artemis in Magnesia on the Meander which was created
by the architect Hermogenes in the 2 nd century BC. The seemingly
Pseudodipteros plan Hermogenes used in this temple was invented and
implemented by him. The Temple of Apollon at Didyma, which was
demolished by the Persians, was rebuilt around 300 BC. Even the
surviving sections of the temple, which was the third largest building of
the Hellenistic world after Ephesos and Sisam, appear capable of
capturing one’s admiration. The other temple built in Anatolia during
the Hellenistic Period was the Temple of Dionysos in Teos with the Ionic
order, again created by Hermagones as reported by Vitruvius. The
Temple of Chryse Apollon in the Troas region, which has recently been
uncovered, belongs to the 2 nd century BC. Homeros’s Iliad tells that
there used to be another temple, belonging to Apollon, in the place of
this temple during the Troian Wars. Therefore, it is also important in
that it shows that the cult of Apollon existed in Anatolia.
Another temple belonging to the 2 nd century BC is located in the city of
Alabanda which is in the Caria region. Vitrivius recorded that this temple
of Apollon with the Ionic order had been built by the architect Menestheus.
The friezes of this temple display the Amazon Wars.