Anatolian Civilizations and Historical Sites - TEDA

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ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:51 AM Sayfa 220 built by Miletos, together with the Vedius baths in Ephesos are examples which reflect the magnificence of this architecture. Sculptures which decorated the cool room of the Faustina’s Bath are exhibited at ‹stanbul Archaeological Museum today. Mosaics mostly feature mythological scenes, but there were also mosaics which had geometrical patterns. Today, the remnants of these monumental bath structures can be seen in Ephesos, Perge, Side, Aspendos and Aphrodisias. Furthermore, we encounter the most beautiful examples of frescoes decorating the houses of the rich among the hillside houses of Ephesos and villas in Antandros, which gave an insight into the development of the art of painting during the period. Roman theaters were not leaned against a hill, unlike in the Hellenistic Period, but they were established on arches and vaults. However, the architects in Anatolia preferred to lean the theaters on a slope even during the Roman Period. In the Theater of Aspendos, which was one of the spectacular structures of the Roman Period, arches and vaults-that were newly developed by the Romans-were used and it was also leaned on a hill. This is an indicator that the older systems were also used besides the new systems. In Roman theaters, the two-storey wall forming the stage is elevated, aiming to separate the audience from the outer world and direct their attention to the theatrical play. Side entrances, which were diagonal during the Hellenistic Period, became vertical during the Romans, and the horseshoe-shaped orchestra was transformed into a semicircle. In the former theaters, the audience was also able to watch a view, whereas in the Roman theaters, the audience was disconnected from outside. The Romans created a distinction by decorating the stage of the theater with the most beautiful examples of architecture and sculptures. The theaters in Aspendos and Perge are the best examples of this. Sculptures decorating the stage section in the theater of Perge are so rich that there is a separate Perge Hall in Antalya Museum. Romans also did not ignore the theaters left from the Hellenistic Period, but they repaired and used them, as we see in the Theaters of Miletos and Priene. During the Roman Period, amphitheaters where gladiators and wild animals fought were not very popular. They were still built in some cities. While imitating the works of art of the Classical and Hellenistic Periods, Roman sculptures also
ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:51 AM Sayfa created their own sculptures, which were large and muscled. Portrait sculpture was most developed during this period, as evidenced by the portraits of the emperors adorning our museums. Roman sculpture works were mostly created to decorate buildings and squares, besides temples, and to make them look richer. Besides the sculptures of the emperors, the sculptures of triumphant commanders and of those people who benefited the city were also created and were put at important places. Roman sculptures were not bothered with the balance factor in the works they created, they solved this problem with a support they attached on the sculpture. Sculpture schools of Aphrodisias and Perge seemingly became prominent during the Roman Period. It is possible to see the works of these schools across the whole Mediterranean. Works bearing the signature of masters from Aphrodisias are encountered especially in Greece. Apparently, masters migrating from Pergamon established a school in Aphrodisias and very skillfully processed the colorful marbles extracted from the nearby marble quarries. In the 1 st century AD, during the Augustus Period (27-14), a return to the Classical Period is seen. Motifs were idealized, and embossments created the effect of pictures. While the classical style dominated the portraits, a naturalist perception is dominant in the embossments. During the Claudiuses Period (41-54) on the other hand, historical embossments seemingly became prominent. The classical art of the Augustus Period became softer and more animate, whereas details gained more importance. During the Flaviuses, the animate and naturalist style was departed from, in the 2 nd century AD during the period of Trianus, historical embossments became important and the portraits were presented with the bodies. During the Hadrianus Period (117-138), a gracefulness appeared in the figures; however, creativity diminished, and portraits and embossments lacked in vitality. They had messy hair and ornate armors. An intriguing hair fashion in women and a beard fashion in men started. After this, during Antoninus Pius (138-161), the perspective style began, and portraits were presented on their necks and shoulders. It is possible to see Roman works of sculpture in almost all of the antique cities. 221
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Anatolian Civilizations and Historical Sites - TEDA

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