Anatolian Civilizations and Historical Sites - TEDA

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ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:49 AM Sayfa 18 handles made during this period have been found. The pottery known as the painted pottery of Aliflar III or Cappadocia left their mark on this period. Bitik, Gordion, Koçumbeli, Karao¤lan, Polatl› and Yaz›rhöyük to the west of K›z›l›rmak, together with Kültepe, Aliflar and Bo¤azköy are the centers which were settled in during the third stage of the First Bronze Age. In the north of Anatolia, ‹kiztepe near Samsun is another source of spectacular relics. In addition to the big centers such as Norfluntepe, Tepecik, Korucutepe and Arslantepe, small units of settlement also exist such as Gelinciktepe, fiemsiyetepe, ‹mamo¤lu, Köflkerbaba, Pirot ‹mikufla¤›, Pulur, Han ‹brahim fiah and De¤irmentepe in Elaz›¤. Around this time, the indigenous Hattians lived in Anatolia, and many principalities were established such as Nesha, Mama, Kusshara, Purushanda, Zalpa and Hattush, which are the only names that are available to our knowledge. Around the mid-Bronze Age, the Assyrian tradesmen appear to have coveted the mines of Anatolia. For this reason, they established a system known as the Assyrian colonial system between 1950-1750 BC. This period of organized trade is called ‘the Age of Assyrian Trade Colonies’. Trading, which previously used to take place in an unsystematic manner, was later made systematic through independent trade colonies, established in Anatolia, known as Karum. The Assyrian tradesmen brought tin, silk and essences, and took gold, silver and precious stones from here. With their caravans of 200-250 donkeys, they ascended the Tauruses either through Kahramanmarafl Elbistan or via Ergani-Maden passage and they reached the Karums. Assyrian merchants residing in Kanifl were committed to the Assyrian king and laws. The Assyrian king would conclude separate agreements with the principals he did trade with. An Assyrian governor would administer about 10 karums in Anatolia, residing in Kanifl, which was the capital karum. The most famous of these so-called karums-meaning ‘harbor’ in Assyrian-were Kültepe near Kayseri which was also named Kanifl and which was the center of the Nesha principality, Hattusha in Bo¤azköy, and Acemhöyük which was also known as Purushanda. Many other karums are known to exist apart from these. Along the long route from Assyria to the karums, small units of accommodations, known as stations, were established. These are stations such as Aliflar, Kusshara and Zalpa. Approximately twenty thousand clay tablets have been found in central Kültepe. Included in these tablets, (which were written in the Assyrian cuneiform script in the Assyrian language) were daily life,
ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:50 AM Sayfa Gold Pitcher From Alacahöyük. Dates to the second half of the 3 rd millennium BC. Raised beak spout, cylidrical neck, spherical body and round base. The vessel has a handle and bears motifs on the body.
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Anatolian Civilizations and Historical Sites - TEDA

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