Anatolian Civilizations and Historical Sites - TEDA

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ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:52 AM Sayfa 258 Dark Church (Karanl›k Kilise) at the Göreme Open Air Museum. religious practices. (One piece of proof for this harmony between the Christians and the Seljuks is a portrait of the Seljuk Sultan Mesut II in the K›rkdamalt› Church at Ihlara). The Cappadocian religious communities proliferated in number beginning in the 14 th century. The name of the town Göreme comes from Korama, a medieval religious center. From the 11 th -13 th centuries, Matianoi (Avc›lar) was a diocese subject to Makisos (Viranflehir). Avanos is an old town whose former name was Venesa. Prokopios (Ürgüp) was another diocese subject to Caesarea (Kayseri). Other places in which Christian communities widely seen were Çavuflin, Güldere and K›z›lçukur. At the beginning of the 18 th century, the Frenchman Paul Lucas was the first European traveler to visit Cappadocia. He described the geological marvels and other wonders of the region (accompanied by rather fantastic drawings) in his travelogue. Thereafter, numerous other travelers visited the region and made it famous around the world. Within the borders of the Göreme Outdoor Museum, there are 15 churches, seven refectories, numerous burial crypts, storerooms and cellars. Immediately opposite the entrance is a church in the form of a Greek cross, with four free supports. In the church, built in the early-11 th century, is a portrait of Jesus. On the right hand side of the path is an unnamed chapel in which there are pictures of Mary and the infant Jesus, Saint Demetrius, Saint George and Saint Theodore. After this small chapel is the Elmal› Kilise (Apple Church), one of the most important in Göreme. It is in the form of a closed Greek cross with four free supports. It dates from the 12 th or 13 th centuries. The frescoes inside depict scenes from the
ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:52 AM Sayfa The inner view of the Tokal› Church found in the valley of Göreme. New Testament as well as the Old Testament, including the hospitality of Abraham (a favorite theme) and Shadrach, Mesach and Abednego (Daniel III: 13-27) in the fiery furnace. Next to the Elmal› Kilise is the church of Saint Barbara. This is another church with the plan of a closed Greek with two free supports and a portrait of Christ the Pantocrator in the main apse. The northern arm of the cross has portraits of St. George and Theodore and the western arm depicts St. Barbara (hence the church's name). The church was built in the first half of the 11 th century. Next to it is a small church called the Y›lanl› Kilise (Serpent Church), a church with a rectangular plan that is covered in a low vault and also dates from the 11 th century. The entrance to this church faces north and there are graves to its south. In the apse on the long eastern wall is a painting of the Deisis. A small flight of stairs leads to the Karanl›k Kilise (Dark Church). The western end of this monastery has collapsed. Below it is a smooth-floored entranceway that is open in front. Three doorways provide access to the interior. On the east is a refectory with a table and benches carved from natural rock. There are three more rooms upstairs. The church and its narthex are richly decorated with frescoes. There are scenes from the Old Testament such as the hospitality of Abraham. The frescoes are dated to the mid-11 th or early-12 th centuries. At the northern end of the valley is Çar›kl› Kilise (Sandal Church), a monastery that is entered by an iron stairway. This church is in the form of a closed Greek cross with two free supports. Inside it are 259
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Anatolian Civilizations and Historical Sites - TEDA

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