Anatolian Civilizations and Historical Sites - TEDA

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ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:50 AM Sayfa 38 Hattushili, who is from Kusshara, is the son of the brother of the queen. Previously in that time, the deceased king did not have a son, so Hattushili as the nephew of the queen was enthroned. Having been transformed into a kingdom, the Hittites chose Hattusha as their capital city. Hattushili I took Tell-Aççana, and in the following year went on an expedition to the land of Arzava. However, after the attack of the Hurrians, who took advantage of his absence during this expedition, Hattushili stated his discontent by saying “Behind me the enemy in the land of Hurri came into my country and all the countries were split from me. Only the city of Hattusha remained with me”. Later it is seen that Hattushili restored the state. He reported that he took the city of Hassuva during the expedition he went on one year later, consequently occupying the cities of Zippashna, Hahnu and Hassu. As a wise king, Hattushili I assigned his son Huzziya as the king of the city of Tappasanda; however, after Huzziya was influenced by the people there and came out against his father, he announced his nephew as the heir. After a while, the heir was used against the king by his mother. Thereafter, Hattushili banished him from Hattusha and pronounced his grandson Murshili as the heir, despite the fact that he was a child. Having retreated himself into Kusshara, Hattushili, in his testament with historical, political and literary contents, praised Murshili and admonished the community of nobles to love and watch for the new king. Murshili I, who was on the throne around 1630-1600 BC, ruled his state in peace and tranquility, expanding its borders as far as the seas. First he went on expeditions in Halep bringing destruction to it, and later occupying Babylon which brought an end to the Hammurabi Dynasty. Halep then became an integral part of the Hittites. At the return of the successful Babylon expedition, this young and dynamic king was murdered by Hantili, the husband of his sister, and his brother-in-law Zidanta. Thus Hantili I came to the Hittite throne and reigned between 1600-1570 BC. This king who was from the Luvi region in the South of Anatolia followed the policy of the previous kings and strived to keep Syria at hand. Around this time, with the attacks of the Hurrians who entered Anatolia, the queen and the princes were killed in the palace, resulting in chaos within the country, after which the battles for the throne had begun. On one hand Hantili dealt with these battles, and on the other hand he continued his development activities, and starting with Hattusha he surrounded the cities with ramparts. This king was later murdered by his son-in-law Zidanta. Zidanta I -who was
ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:50 AM Sayfa also from Luvi- assumed the throne in 1570 BC Zidanta, whom we understand to have become the king during his senior years, murdered the son of Hantili and the princes out of concerns for the throne, thus for the first time bloodying the hands of a king in the Hittite Palace. However, he was to pay for that blood inevitably being murdered by his own son. The documents specify that a famine broke out during the rule of Ammuna (1560-1540 BC) who took the throne by killing his father. The bloody hands in the palace swept away all the fertility in the lands of the Hittites. After this king, whom we do not know much about, Huzziya I came to the throne between the years 1540-1535 BC but had little influence during his short regency. Under these two incompetent kings, the Hittite Kingdom experienced difficult times. Telipinu, known and renowned for the ‘Telipinu Proclamation’ in the Hittite History, defeated King Huzzi and his associates, who were trying to kill himself, exiled them and took the throne in 1535 BC. The first thing the King did was to bring an end to the murders and throne conflicts, which had become usual in the Old Hittite Kingdom, therefore issuing a law on this. The law suggested that the first male child born from the first wife of the king, if not, the next male child would become the king. If a king does not have a male child, his eldest daughter’s son would become the king. This law which King Telipinu issued with the approval of the Pankush(the council of nobles) was applied exactly in this way hereafter. In this, ascension to the throne was regulated. Telipinu concluded an agreement with the king of Kizzuvatna and ruled out the political mayhem originating in the south with diplomacy. This agreement went down in history as the first state-level agreement that the Hittites signed. Around the same time, the political condition of the country was stormy. Rebellions arose in the land of Arzava around Adana, resulting in the withdrawal of the Hittites from this region. Along the Euphrates, too, the Hittite domination became weaker. The king went on an expedition here resolving the situation. The name of King Alluvamna, who was on the throne after Telipinu around 1510-1500 BC, is cited on the seal imprints obtained in Bo¤azköy, whereas the name of Hantili II, who reigned between the years of 1500-1490 BC, is cited only in the sacrifice lists. Another king, whose name too is cited in the sacrifice lists, is Zidanta II (1490-1480 BC). The peace agreement that Zidanta concluded in the Hittite 39
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Anatolian Civilizations and Historical Sites - TEDA

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