Anatolian Civilizations and Historical Sites - TEDA

ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS:10x19 antik kentler 8/1/11 10:51 AM Sayfa
was made the king of Sidon by Alexander; consequently he adorned
his own sarcophagus with embossments of Alexander to express his
gratitude.
Rodos sculpture of Helios, the sculpture of Aphrodite (Milo) found in
Melos, and the sculpture of Tykhe who held the fate of the cities at her
hands are the colossal works created during this age. The most
famous sculpture of Tykhe was created for Antiocheia-the capital of
Seleucoses-by Eutyhides, who was the student of Lysippos. The
Crouching Aphrodite sculpture by Doidalses, who worked in
Nicomedia (center of the Kingdom of Bithynia), was important in that
it provided depth.
When the King of Egypt Euergetes expelled the pundits from
Alexandria in the 2 nd century BC, The Kingdom of Pergamon received
them with open arms, thus the city became the center of science of
that age. Besides the King’s palace, the antique sources suggest that
a library including 200.000 parchment rolls was established. This
spectacular library was given to the Egyptian queen as a gift by
Antonius in 41 BC, and was later burnt by the Romans. Furthermore,
Pergamon had a significant place in sculpture and a school of
sculpture was formed here. The bronze sculptures of Attalos I,
reflecting his victory against the Galatians, can be recognized by their
Roman replicas made from marble. An important one among these is
the sculpture of the Galatian who first killed his wife and then thrust
his sword in to himself, so as not to be taken as a prisoner. The Zeus
Altar that is currently in Berlin has embossments measuring 120 m. in
length and 2.30 m. in height which display the battles of giants and
gods with exaggerated motions, flitting clothes, hairy heads, bearded
faces, and excessively muscled bodies. All of these characteristics
reflect the style of the Pergamon sculpture school. Emotional
expressions are prominent with Pergamon-style sculptures.
Furthermore, glamorous works were created by playing with the
shade and light.
The main themes of the Hellenistic Period were the mythological pairs
as well as children and people in the street. Around the end of the
2 nd century BC, the Pergamon school became weaker, the Middle
Hellenistic Period came to an end, and the Late Hellenistic Period
started. This period had a picturesque character, while the majority of
the themes were taken from every day life. The sculptures were
187