Growing Together: Economic Integration for an Inclusive and - escap
Growing Together: Economic Integration for an Inclusive and - escap
Growing Together: Economic Integration for an Inclusive and - escap
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CHAPTER THREE<br />
69<br />
Building seamless connectivity<br />
rail because of the longer tr<strong>an</strong>sit time <strong>an</strong>d<br />
higher costs. In addition, interoperability<br />
across borders remains a problem.<br />
Given the expected growth in intraregional<br />
trade, as well as heightened awareness<br />
about the tr<strong>an</strong>sport sector’s contribution to<br />
climate ch<strong>an</strong>ge, the railways could capture a<br />
greater proportion of intraregional tr<strong>an</strong>sport,<br />
particularly <strong>for</strong> freight. But there is a need<br />
to demonstrate this potential, <strong>for</strong> example,<br />
through demonstration runs of container<br />
block trains. The <strong>Economic</strong> Cooperation<br />
Org<strong>an</strong>ization (ECO) has been particularly<br />
active in this area, starting with demonstration<br />
runs between Ist<strong>an</strong>bul <strong>an</strong>d Almaty in 2002,<br />
followed by Islamabad <strong>an</strong>d Ist<strong>an</strong>bul via Tehr<strong>an</strong><br />
in 2009.<br />
Countries c<strong>an</strong> also increase rail connectivity<br />
by developing more inl<strong>an</strong>d container depots<br />
<strong>an</strong>d dry ports with rail connections. The<br />
Navoi inl<strong>an</strong>d container depot in Uzbekist<strong>an</strong>,<br />
<strong>for</strong> example, now serves as a subregional<br />
air hub with rail links to Central Asia <strong>an</strong>d<br />
Afgh<strong>an</strong>ist<strong>an</strong>. Similarly, Nepal has developed<br />
<strong>an</strong> inl<strong>an</strong>d container depot at Birgunj, which is<br />
connected to the vast Indi<strong>an</strong> railway network.<br />
FIGURE TITLE<br />
III.3. Tr<strong>an</strong>s-Asi<strong>an</strong> Railway network<br />
R. F.<br />
Source: ESCAP.<br />
Buslovskaya<br />
St. Petersburg<br />
Krasnoe<br />
Moscow<br />
Kotelnich<br />
1,676 mm<br />
1,520 mm<br />
1,435 mm Track Gauges<br />
1,067 mm<br />
1,000 mm<br />
1,000/1,435 mm<br />
TAR LINK - PLANNED/UNDER CONSTRUCTION<br />
POTENTIAL TAR LINK<br />
POTENTIAL TAR LINK TO BE CONSIDERED<br />
BREAK-OF-GAUGE<br />
FERRY CROSSING<br />
Yekaterinburg<br />
TRANS-ASIAN RAILWAY NETWORK<br />
Omsk<br />
Petropavlovsk<br />
RUSSIAN FEDERATION<br />
Novosibirsk<br />
UNITED NATIONS<br />
2011<br />
Cross-border <strong>an</strong>d tr<strong>an</strong>sit tr<strong>an</strong>sport<br />
facilitation<br />
Due to the increase in intraregional trade<br />
during the last two decades, countries have<br />
opened more border crossings <strong>an</strong>d domestic<br />
routes <strong>for</strong> international tr<strong>an</strong>sport, <strong>an</strong>d are<br />
using bilateral <strong>an</strong>d multilateral agreements<br />
on tr<strong>an</strong>sport facilitation to improve the<br />
conditions <strong>for</strong> international l<strong>an</strong>d tr<strong>an</strong>sport.<br />
Ambitious initiatives include the customs<br />
union among Belarus, Kazakhst<strong>an</strong> <strong>an</strong>d the<br />
Russi<strong>an</strong> Federation, joint customs controls<br />
between Georgia <strong>an</strong>d Turkey <strong>an</strong>d the<br />
modernization of border gates in Turkey. To<br />
deal with challenges of coordination among<br />
different agencies dealing with tr<strong>an</strong>sport<br />
facilitation, m<strong>an</strong>y countries have set up<br />
national coordination mech<strong>an</strong>isms.<br />
Nevertheless, cross-border <strong>an</strong>d tr<strong>an</strong>sit tr<strong>an</strong>sport<br />
is still hampered by m<strong>an</strong>y non-physical barriers<br />
that lead to excessive delays, high costs <strong>an</strong>d<br />
uncertainties. These are multiple technical<br />
st<strong>an</strong>dards, inconsistent <strong>an</strong>d complex<br />
border-crossing procedures <strong>an</strong>d excessive<br />
documentation. In addition, goods are often<br />
inspected on both sides of the borders<br />
by different authorities, <strong>an</strong>d sometimes<br />
Syzemka<br />
Tobol<br />
Ozinki<br />
Chita<br />
Irkutsk<br />
Lokot<br />
Uralsk<br />
Ast<strong>an</strong>a<br />
Ul<strong>an</strong>-Ude<br />
Karimskaya<br />
Naushki<br />
K<strong>an</strong>dagach<br />
Volgograd<br />
Sukhbaatar<br />
Zabaykalsk<br />
KAZAKHSTAN<br />
Likhaya<br />
M<strong>an</strong>zhouli<br />
Makat<br />
Khabarovsk<br />
Rostov<br />
Mointy<br />
Aktogai<br />
Ula<strong>an</strong>baatar<br />
Astrakh<strong>an</strong> G<strong>an</strong>ushkino Beyneu<br />
Kavkaz<br />
Olya<br />
MONGOLIA<br />
Krasnodar<br />
Dostyk Alataw Pass<br />
Novorossiisk<br />
Urumqi<br />
Harbin<br />
Veseloe<br />
Aktau<br />
Lugovaya<br />
Grodekovo<br />
Turp<strong>an</strong><br />
Zamyn Uud Erenhot<br />
Suifenhe Ussurijsk<br />
Poti<br />
Arys<br />
Ch<strong>an</strong>gchun<br />
GEORGIA Samur<br />
Bishkek<br />
UZBEKISTAN<br />
Khas<strong>an</strong><br />
Vostochny<br />
Kapikule<br />
Ist<strong>an</strong>bul<br />
Batumi<br />
Tbilisi Yalama<br />
Dashowuz<br />
Tum<strong>an</strong>g<strong>an</strong>g<br />
Samsun<br />
KYRGYZSTAN<br />
Nakhodka<br />
Rajin<br />
Dogukapi<br />
AZERBAIJAN<br />
Tashkent<br />
Eskisehir<br />
ARMENIA<br />
Turkmenbashy<br />
Sheny<strong>an</strong>g Chongjin<br />
Ankara<br />
Yerev<strong>an</strong> Baku TURKMENISTAN Bukhara<br />
Osh<br />
Cetinkaya<br />
D<strong>an</strong>dong<br />
TURKEY<br />
Kapikoy<br />
Y<strong>an</strong>gi Bazar<br />
DEMOCRATIC<br />
Kashi<br />
Tatv<strong>an</strong> Jolfa Astara<br />
Beijing<br />
Pyongy<strong>an</strong>g PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC<br />
Izmir<br />
Malatya V<strong>an</strong><br />
Ashgabat Turkmenabad<br />
Dush<strong>an</strong>be TAJIKISTAN<br />
Razi<br />
Yav<strong>an</strong><br />
Kulyab<br />
Ti<strong>an</strong>jin<br />
OF KOREA<br />
B<strong>an</strong>dar-e-Anzali<br />
Kurg<strong>an</strong><br />
Dali<strong>an</strong><br />
B<strong>an</strong>dar-e-<br />
Mersin Toprakkale<br />
Tehr<strong>an</strong> Amirabad Mashhad<br />
Hairaton Tube<br />
L<strong>an</strong>zhou<br />
Seoul<br />
Sarakhs<br />
Iskenderun<br />
Qazvin<br />
Chinese Line<br />
Kashmar<br />
Garmsar<br />
Farim<strong>an</strong><br />
CHINA<br />
Jin<strong>an</strong><br />
REPUBLIC OF<br />
Qingdao<br />
Qom<br />
Torbat<br />
Jammu<br />
Daejeon KOREA<br />
S<strong>an</strong>g<strong>an</strong><br />
Baoji<br />
Khosravi<br />
ISLAMIC Heidarieh Herat<br />
Kabul Islamabad <strong>an</strong>d<br />
Indi<strong>an</strong> Line<br />
Iks<strong>an</strong><br />
Kh<strong>an</strong>eghein<br />
Arak<br />
Badrud<br />
REPUBLIC OF IRAN<br />
AFGHANISTAN Peshawar Kashmir<br />
Zhengzhou<br />
Li<strong>an</strong>yung<strong>an</strong>g<br />
Bus<strong>an</strong><br />
Xi<strong>an</strong><br />
Mokpo<br />
Esfah<strong>an</strong><br />
Chadormalu<br />
Ardak<strong>an</strong><br />
Wagah<br />
Ahvaz<br />
Bafq<br />
Cham<strong>an</strong><br />
Attari<br />
N<strong>an</strong>jing<br />
Khorramshahr B<strong>an</strong>dar Emam<br />
Quetta Kh<strong>an</strong>ewal<br />
Indi<strong>an</strong> Line<br />
Sh<strong>an</strong>ghai<br />
Zahed<strong>an</strong><br />
Koh-i-Taft<strong>an</strong> Spez<strong>an</strong>d<br />
Mult<strong>an</strong><br />
Chinese Line<br />
Brahma M<strong>an</strong>di<br />
Mirjaveh Dalb<strong>an</strong>din PAKISTAN<br />
Lodhr<strong>an</strong><br />
NEPAL<br />
New Delhi<br />
Kathm<strong>an</strong>du<br />
Rohri<br />
BHUTAN<br />
Ch<strong>an</strong>gsha<br />
B<strong>an</strong>dar-e-Abbas<br />
Mathura<br />
Birgunj<br />
Hengy<strong>an</strong>g<br />
Raxaul KakarvittaThimphu<br />
Khokropar<br />
K<strong>an</strong>pur Patna Birol<br />
Kach<strong>an</strong>g Dali<br />
Gwadar Karachi Hyderabad<br />
Mughalsarai<br />
Mahisas<strong>an</strong><br />
Kunming<br />
Shahbazpur Jiribam<br />
BANGLADESH<br />
Ruili Baosh<strong>an</strong>g<br />
Sitarampur Dars<strong>an</strong>a<br />
Tamu<br />
Yuxi<br />
Dhaka<br />
Bhopal<br />
Kalay Lashio<br />
Gu<strong>an</strong>gzhou<br />
N<strong>an</strong>ning<br />
Kolkata Chittagong<br />
Lao Cai<br />
Qu<strong>an</strong>Trieu<br />
Shenzhen<br />
Nagpur<br />
M<strong>an</strong>dalay<br />
Dong D<strong>an</strong>g<br />
Hong Kong, China<br />
Wardha<br />
MYANMAR<br />
Boten<br />
Halong<br />
LAO PEOPLE'S Hai Phong<br />
INDIA<br />
Naypyitaw<br />
DEMOCRATIC<br />
VIET NAM<br />
Mumbai<br />
REPUBLIC<br />
Chi<strong>an</strong>g Mai Vienti<strong>an</strong>e<br />
Nong Khai<br />
Y<strong>an</strong>gon Mae Sod<br />
Suv<strong>an</strong>nakhet<br />
Vijayawada<br />
THAILAND<br />
Nakhonsaw<strong>an</strong><br />
PHILIPPINES<br />
Th<strong>an</strong>phyuzayat<br />
Mukdah<strong>an</strong><br />
B<strong>an</strong>gkok<br />
Nakhon<br />
Chennai<br />
Namtok<br />
ratchasima<br />
B<strong>an</strong>galore<br />
Lamchab<strong>an</strong>g Poipet<br />
M<strong>an</strong>ila<br />
Jolarpettai<br />
Port<br />
CAMBODIA<br />
Sattahip<br />
Port Phnom<br />
Penh<br />
Madurai Rameswaram<br />
Sih<strong>an</strong>ouk Ville<br />
Ho Chi Minh City<br />
Talaim<strong>an</strong>nar<br />
Tuticorin Trincomalee<br />
Colombo SRI LANKA<br />
Hat Yai<br />
Sri Jayewardenepura<br />
Kotte<br />
Kataragama<br />
Pad<strong>an</strong>g Besar Sungai Kolok<br />
Matara<br />
B<strong>an</strong>da Aceh Butterworth<br />
Tumpat<br />
MALAYSIA<br />
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM<br />
Belaw<strong>an</strong> Ipoh<br />
Male<br />
B<strong>an</strong>dar Seri<br />
Med<strong>an</strong><br />
Kuala<br />
Begaw<strong>an</strong><br />
MALDIVES<br />
Port Lumpur<br />
Kl<strong>an</strong>g<br />
MALAYSIA<br />
R<strong>an</strong>tauprapat<br />
Borneo<br />
Johor Bahru<br />
Singapore<br />
Naras SINGAPORE<br />
INDONESIA<br />
Muaro<br />
Kalim<strong>an</strong>t<strong>an</strong><br />
Teluk Bayur<br />
Kertapati<br />
Lubuklinggau<br />
INDONESIA<br />
P<strong>an</strong>j<strong>an</strong>g<br />
Jakarta<br />
Merak<br />
Surabaya<br />
B<strong>an</strong>dung<br />
B<strong>an</strong>yu<strong>an</strong>gi<br />
Dili<br />
TIMOR-LESTE<br />
Tayshet<br />
Ereen tsav<br />
Tav<strong>an</strong>tolgoi<br />
Shiveekhuren<br />
Gashuun Sukhait<br />
Sainsh<strong>an</strong>d<br />
Choibals<strong>an</strong><br />
Khuut Numrug<br />
Bichigt<br />
Nariin Sukhait<br />
Chi<strong>an</strong>g Rai<br />
H<strong>an</strong>oi<br />
Gw<strong>an</strong>gy<strong>an</strong>g<br />
Vladivostok<br />
JAPAN<br />
Tokyo<br />
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
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