Growing Together: Economic Integration for an Inclusive and - escap

11 planned through 2015 (figure III.6). The
total investment required is estimated at $5.9
billion. 40
Australia – The country has the world’s
thirteenth-largest gas reserves and exports
more than half its production to China, Japan,
Kuwait, the Republic of Korea, and Taiwan
Province of China. It is also one of the world’s
largest exporters of coal, accounting for over
28 per cent of the global exports; in 2010,
almost 40 per cent of the value of its coal
shipments went to Japan with most of the
rest going to the Republic of Korea (15 per
cent), China (12 per cent), India (10.9 per cent)
and other Asian countries (9.5 per cent).
Pacific – According to an ADB study, fossil
fuels accounted for 85 per cent of the total
energy supply of the Pacific island Countries
and Territories (PICTs) during 1990-2006, with
biomass representing about 11 per cent of
the total. However the subregional picture for
FIGURE TITLE
III.6. Proposed ASEAN Power grid
MYANMAR
Yangon
Hanoi
LAO PEOPLE'S
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC
Vientiane
THAILAND
Bangkok
Legend
Power Grid
Natural Gas Fields
Phnom
Penh
MALAYSIA
Kuala
Lumpur
CAMBODIA
Singapore
SINGAPORE
INDONESIA
VIET NAM
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Bandar Seri
Begawan
Jakarta
MALAYSIA
INDONESIA
both supply and consumption is dominated
by Papua New Guinea, which accounts for
60 per cent, and by Fiji for almost all of the
remaining 40 per cent. Over the period as a
whole, average energy consumption for the
PICTs grew by 3.8 per cent annually, but this
figure drops to only 1.1 per cent if Papua New
Guinea and Fiji are excluded. For the other
countries and territories, fossil fuels accounted
for around 99 per cent of commercial energy
use – compared with an average of 45 per
cent for the Asia-Pacific region and about 34
per cent globally.
A high proportion of imported petroleum
is used for transport – about 42 per cent
in Papua New Guinea, 54 per cent in Fiji,
and 75 per cent on average for others. The
increase in the price of petroleum from 2002
to early 2008 cost most PICTs about 10 per
cent of their gross national incomes, with
the impacts falling disproportionately on
PHILIPPINES
TIMOR-LESTE
Source: ESCAP based on data from ASEAN Centre for Energy. Available from http://aseanenergy.org.
Manila
PAPUA
NEW GUINEA
78