Growing Together: Economic Integration for an Inclusive and - escap

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CHAPTER FIVE 111 UN Photo - Kibae Park Economic cooperation for addressing shared vulnerabilities and risks
Five Economic cooperation for addressing shared vulnerabilities and risks Greater regional integration can not only help countries capitalize on their strengths but also assist them to address shared vulnerabilities such as food and energy insecurity, disasters, pressures on natural resources, social exclusion and rising inequalities. Regional economic integration has enormous potential for boosting economic growth and narrowing development gaps across countries, but countries can also cooperate to protect themselves against a range of current and future threats. As with the opportunities, these too cut across national boundaries. This chapter shows how these issues are currently being addressed through bilateral, subregional or regional cooperation. In addition, it argues that in the light of the interrelations between food insecurity, disasters and pressures on natural resources, and energy security (discussed in chapter three), an integrated approach to regional cooperation encompassing all these areas would be the most efficient way to reduce their risks and cooperate to articulate the most effective policy responses. Food security In the past half-century, Asia and the Pacific has made tremendous progress in food security. 1 Across the region, farmers have boosted agricultural productivity and output, especially of rice and wheat, making food available at affordable prices and lifting millions of people out of hunger. The Green Revolution improved seeds, fertilizers and pesticides and dramatically increased crop production. Although the world population increased by 60 per cent between 1970 and 1995, food production rose faster, resulting in a nearly 30 per cent increase in cereal and calorie availability per person. By increasing the supply of food and reducing prices of food staples in Asia, the Green Revolution benefited poor people’s nutrition and helped reduce poverty, with the absolute number of poor people declining by 28 per cent between 1975 and 1995. 2 In spite of this progress, the region continues to face persistent poverty and hunger and is still home to about 65 per cent of the people suffering from hunger. Of particular concern is the situation in South Asia, where nearly 43 per cent of children are malnourished. 3 It may seem surprising that a region that has in many ways been so successful should still experience serious problems with something as basic as food. 4 The main obstacle is not an overall lack of food. The region produces enough food to enable everyone to be properly nourished and lead a healthy and productive life. 5 The problem is that many people are not consuming enough of that food. 112
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ii Photo by Warren Field
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iv Growing Together articulates a n
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vi The following experts prepared t
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viii CONTENTS (continued) Page Chap
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x FIGURES I.1. Real rates of growth
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xii TABLES I.1. Transitions from mi
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xiv ABBREVIATIONS (continued) CEPA
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xvi ABBREVIATIONS (continued) RCM R
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xviii The term “Pacific” in thi
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xx opportunities for all social gro
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xxii Many of the labour flows withi
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xxiv development gaps. Land routes
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xxvi development agencies and priva
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xxviii weighted mean Gini coefficie
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CHAPTER ONE 1 UNDP Photo The case f
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CHAPTER ONE 3 FIGURE TITLE The case
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CHAPTER ONE 5 The case for regional
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CHAPTER ONE 11 The case for regiona
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CHAPTER TWO 19 Towards a broader in
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CHAPTER TWO 21 FIGURE TITLE Towards
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Page 92 and 93: CHAPTER THREE UN Photo - Kibae Park
Page 94 and 95: CHAPTER THREE 63 Building seamless
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Page 120 and 121: CHAPTER THREE 89 29 EIA, 2010b. 30
Page 122 and 123: CHAPTER FOUR 91 Enhancing regional
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Page 138 and 139: CHAPTER FOUR 107 TABLE TITLE Enhanc
Page 144 and 145: CHAPTER FIVE 113 Economic cooperati
Page 156 and 157: CHAPTER FIVE 125 FIGURE TITLE Econo
Page 162 and 163: CHAPTER FIVE 131 FIGURE TITLE Econo
Page 166 and 167: CHAPTER SIX 135 Towards an inclusiv
Page 168 and 169: CHAPTER SIX 137 Towards an inclusiv
Page 170 and 171: 139 Annex Technical notes Photo by
Page 172 and 173: 141 Annex Technical notes ii. Expor
Page 174 and 175: 143 Annex Technical notes of the ag
Page 176 and 177: References 145 Photo by Warren Fiel
Page 178 and 179: References 147 __________ (2009). E
Page 180 and 181: References 149 Brenner, Cath (2009)
Page 182 and 183: References 151 __________ (2010b).
Page 184 and 185: References 153 Hertel, T., ed. (199
Page 186 and 187: References 155 __________ (2005). P
Page 188 and 189: References 157 Quah, Danny (2010).
Page 190 and 191: References 159 Thailand, National E
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References 161 United Nations, Econ
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References Photo by Warren Field 16
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