Growing Together: Economic Integration for an Inclusive and - escap

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CHAPTER FIVE 125 FIGURE TITLE Economic cooperation for addressing shared vulnerabilities and risks V.4. Domestic material consumption in Asia and the Pacific and the rest of the world, 1970-2005 Billions of tons 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Source: CSIRO and UNEP Asia-Pacific Material Flow database. Available from www.csiro.au/AsiaPacificMaterialFlows. FIGURE TITLE 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 V.5. Shares of main material categories in Asia and the Pacific, 1970 and 2005 Source: CSIRO and UNEP Asia-Pacific Material Flow database. Available from www.csiro.au/AsiaPacificMaterialFlows. Asia and the Pacific Rest of the world
Meeting for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) – Rio+20, held in October 2011, underlined, among other key sustainable development priorities for the region, the need for regional cooperation to “facilitate technological innovation and transfer and promote access to green technologies at affordable costs.” 34 A recent review of country submissions to the UNCSD secretariat confirms that technology transfer and capacity building are among the top priority issues. 35 BOX V.3. Innovation and technology transfer Among the most effective means of technology transfer are regional and interregional partnerships (see box V.3). In Asia and the Pacific they have included the Kitakyushu Initiative for Clean Environment, 36 and the Seoul Initiative Network on Green Growth. 37 The Astana Green Bridge Initiative 38 is evolving as another driver fostering regional and intraregional cooperation for technological innovation and transfer of green technologies. How can countries in the South launch the necessary initiatives to leapfrog into these ESCAP has been supporting the widespread sharing of knowledge and transfer, adaptation and replication of environmentally sound technologies, with the support of its Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology (APCTT) and its subregional offices, particularly in the Pacific. ESCAP has also been building regional cooperation for transferring low-cost, low-tech, locally affordable and applicable technologies throughout the region. One of its activities was to conduct a regional study on the promotion of publicly funded environmentally sustainable technologies (EST) in the Asia-Pacific region, initiated in 2007. a The study recommended that national systems of innovation be enhanced and called for boosting regional cooperation through the creation of a regional network of national innovation centres or agencies closely involved in the full cycle of EST development and transfer. Since its inception in 1977, APCTT has been helping to upgrade capacity in technology transfer and innovation management. Its experience suggests that while certain countries have developed sophisticated insights into the structuring and operation of national innovation systems others lack this capacity. The Centre has also worked extensively on identifying barriers to the transfer of green technologies, in particular low-carbon technologies. In general, national efforts in building capacity to plan and implement technology transfer activities in SMEs are weak in many developing countries. As a result, ESCAP has implemented a number of projects to support them. For example, a training centre in Samoa has developed low-cost, locally appropriate technologies for capturing biogas for cooking and heating from human sanitation units and animal husbandry. Similarly, local adaptations and improvements of technology applied in Viet Nam with the assistance of Thai experts where successfully replicated in Fiji and Vanuatu. Another example has been the use of solar renewable energy in Cambodia, where Sunlabob, a Lao People’s Democratic Republic-based 126
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ii Photo by Warren Field
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iv Growing Together articulates a n
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vi The following experts prepared t
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viii CONTENTS (continued) Page Chap
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x FIGURES I.1. Real rates of growth
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xii TABLES I.1. Transitions from mi
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xiv ABBREVIATIONS (continued) CEPA
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xvi ABBREVIATIONS (continued) RCM R
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xviii The term “Pacific” in thi
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xx opportunities for all social gro
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xxii Many of the labour flows withi
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xxiv development gaps. Land routes
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xxvi development agencies and priva
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xxviii weighted mean Gini coefficie
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CHAPTER ONE 1 UNDP Photo The case f
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CHAPTER ONE 3 FIGURE TITLE The case
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CHAPTER ONE 5 The case for regional
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CHAPTER ONE 11 The case for regiona
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CHAPTER TWO 19 Towards a broader in
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CHAPTER TWO 21 FIGURE TITLE Towards
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CHAPTER THREE UN Photo - Kibae Park
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CHAPTER THREE 63 Building seamless
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CHAPTER THREE 73 TABLE TITLE Buildi
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Page 144 and 145: CHAPTER FIVE 113 Economic cooperati
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Page 166 and 167: CHAPTER SIX 135 Towards an inclusiv
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Page 170 and 171: 139 Annex Technical notes Photo by
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Page 176 and 177: References 145 Photo by Warren Fiel
Page 178 and 179: References 147 __________ (2009). E
Page 180 and 181: References 149 Brenner, Cath (2009)
Page 182 and 183: References 151 __________ (2010b).
Page 184 and 185: References 153 Hertel, T., ed. (199
Page 186 and 187: References 155 __________ (2005). P
Page 188 and 189: References 157 Quah, Danny (2010).
Page 190 and 191: References 159 Thailand, National E
Page 192 and 193: References 161 United Nations, Econ
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