Exotic Aquatic Organisms - International Development Research ...

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However, A. anguilla cannot tolerate the high temperature in Taiwan and has been infected by many diseases and parasites, resulting in its slow growth. Survival rate under culture was usually low. As a result of these disadvantages, prospects for the culture of this species locally are not very bright. Leptobarbus hoevenii Leptobarbus hoevenii, also known as barb or sultan fish, was introduced to Taiwan in 1979 from Indonesia. Currently, it is being experimentally cultured at the Lukang Branch of TFRI. Another species, which has not yet been identified, but which could be L. hosei, was also introduced at a later date. It is smaller than L. hoevenii, but is much easier to mass produce. Because of this, it has attracted the interest of many aquaculturist. Megalobrama amblycephala Megalobrama amblycephala or Wu-chang fish was introduced from mainland China in 1979 and generally remained unpopular among culturists. Another Megalobrama species may have been inadvertently introduced, although it has not yet been identified. Both species are so bony and thus are not very much appreciated by local consumers. Lately, M. amblycephala has been used for cross-breeding with the Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Micropterus salmoides A fish native to North America, Micropterus salmoides or largemouth bass was introduced to Taiwan in the late 70's. In other countries where M. salmoides has also been introduced, it was reported to have endangered or actually caused the extinction of certain indigenous species. In Taiwan, however, the techniques for artificial propagation of M. salmoides have been established and improved, and this fish has rapidly gained popularity. Much care has been taken so that this fish is used only for monoculture, and not stocked in natural waters. M. salmoides was easily accepted and liked by Taiwanese consumers. At present, it is cultured in several places in Southern Taiwan and is even exported to Hong Kong. Red tilapia There is a local red tilapia strain in Taiwan, which is different from and should not be confused with the exotic Oreochromis sp. Thirty specimens of the latter were introduced in 1979 by Liao, Chao, Chen, Huang, and Liu, with the assistance of Yeh, from the Philippines, where it is also exotic (Liao and Chen 1983). This exotic Oreochromis strain was introduced here to be used in genetic studies and cross-breeding. 105
106 0. hornorum This species is also known as wami tilapia. It was introduced from Costa Rica in 1981 by Huang and Yeh. The objective of the introduction was to obtain monosex progeny by hybridization with other Oreochromis spp. All the hybridization attempts have been successful in producing all-male offspring, and the hybrids are now being used for extension. However, these hybrids are smaller in size than 0. niloticus and 0. aureus hybrids. T. rendalli T. rendalli or red breast tilapia was introduced from RSA in 1981 by Liao, Sch.00nbee and Clark (Liao and Chen, 1983). All 25 specimens were introduced for the mere purpose of adding a new species to the local gene pool. Colossoma bidens Colossoma bidens or freshwater pompano was introduced from Brazil probably around 1986. It is currently being cultured experimentally and appears promising. However, there is often a negative impression of this fish because of its similarity to the aggressive piranha, Pygocentrus piraya, and this can hamper its extension. Sciaenops ocellatus Sciaenops ocellatus or red drum was introduced in 1987 by Liao, Huang, Lee and Arnold from the United States. This species has an impressive growth rate, and although it is still in an experimental stage of culture, it shows much promise. Cyprinidae The following cyprinids are generally believed to have been introduced several centuries ago from mainland China, although exact dates of introduction were not recorded. Aristichthys nobilis or bighead carp Carassius auratus or crucian carp Cirrhina molitorella or mud carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus or grass carp Hypophthalinichthys molitrix or silver carp Mylopharyngodon piceus or snail carp. Collectively, they are referred to as the "Chinese carps". The year 1963 was a milestone in Chinese carp culture; during that year, Taiwan succeeded in devising the techniques for induced spawning of these Chinese carps. Prior to 1963, they had to be introduced yearly from mainland China, through Hong Kong, because fry were always in short supply. Another carp, Cyprinus carpio or common carp, was introduced long ago from Japan and is also being commercially monocultured.
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Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia /
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Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia Pr
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The Introduction of Exotic Aquatic
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Introduction This special publicati
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help to promote national awareness
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Conditions in Europe and North Amer
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2 taken as the basis for the introd
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4 with respect to other introductio
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6 Costa-Pierce, B. 1988. Study miss
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8 extinction of the endemic rainbow
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10 bottom substrates by European ca
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12 Arthington 1988; Lloyd 1987); G.
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14 Apparent Extinction of the Lake
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16 successful and more often than n
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18 Reznick, D. 1981. 'Grandfather E
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20 -24° 4' 4 - I- .300 Cl) '1 S 36
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22 The terminology associated with
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24 Table 2. Translocations of indig
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26 MELANOTAENIIDAE Melanotaenia spl
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28 ELEOTRIDAE - GUDGEONS Hypseleotr
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30 POECILIIDAE - LIVEBEARERS Gambus
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32 References Allen, G.R. 1982. A F
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34 Robinson, S.E. 1982. The ecology
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36 1973. It has been cultured in so
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38 northern Japan, settled off Dali
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40 Table 1. The exotic aquatic food
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42 Table 2. The preliminary list of
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Impact of Exotic Aquatic Species in
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Table 1. Salinonids introduced into
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Grass carp The grass carp, Ctenopha
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Table 4. Total catch and tilapia yi
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Salvinia molesta, a floating fern o
Page 66: Joy, PJ., K.R. Sathesan and D. Jose
Page 69 and 70: 58 Table 1. Introduced aquatic spec
Page 71 and 72: 60 The 1940s The Inland Fisheries D
Page 73 and 74: 62 Indonesia includes three differe
Page 75 and 76: 64 information on the status of fau
Page 77 and 78: 66 Table 1. List of exotic aquatic
Page 79 and 80: 68 Table 1. Continued Taxonomic Sta
Page 81 and 82: 70 From this historical review, it
Page 83 and 84: 72 what they perceived as economica
Page 85 and 86: 74 Table 1. Fate of the introduced
Page 87 and 88: 76 While it is likely that at the o
Page 89 and 90: 78 Pearl Spot The pearl spot, Etrop
Page 91 and 92: 80 Trengganu Enactment No. 8 of 196
Page 93 and 94: 82 References Annual Fisheries Stat
Page 95 and 96: 84 long time ago as shown by the fa
Page 97 and 98: 86 Discussion and Recommendations E
Page 99 and 100: Table 1. Exotic aquatic species int
Page 101 and 102: Table 1. Continued Diseases/Parasit
Page 103 and 104: 92 Fisheries (Piranhas) Rules 1971,
Page 105 and 106: 94 (Caranx ignobilis) golden treval
Page 107 and 108: 96 Table 1. Main species of aquariu
Page 110 and 111: Status of Introduced Species in Sri
Page 112 and 113: Exotic Aquatic Species in Taiwan I-
Page 114 and 115: appreciated in the context of the w
Page 118 and 119: Today, most of these carps are poly
Page 120 and 121: Caiman latirostris and Alligator mi
Page 122 and 123: Conclusions The case of the tilapia
Page 124 and 125: Table 1. Continued Culture Status P
Page 126 and 127: Table 2. Record of tilapia introduc
Page 128 and 129: Annex I. Continued Dascyllus melamu
Page 130 and 131: Exotic Aquatic Species in Thailand
Page 132 and 133: Present Status of the Exotic Specie
Page 134 and 135: Table 1 a. Exotic fishes introduced
Page 136 and 137: Australian Government Position: Int
Page 138 and 139: There are presently eight State or
Page 140 and 141: egulate any activity likely to have
Page 142 and 143: Appendix II. Continued Name State o
Page 144 and 145: Recommendations of the Workshop 1.0
Page 146 and 147: (two more to be co-opted) was appoi
Page 148 and 149: Mr. J. Maclean, do ICLARM, MC P0 Bo
Page 150 and 151: Appendix I Definitions of Exotics T
Page 152 and 153: Appendix II Assessment of the Impac
Page 154 and 155: Table All.3. Assessment of the stat
Page 156 and 157: Table All.6. Assessment table of th
Page 158 and 159: Table All.8. Assessment table of th
Page 160 and 161: Table All.10. Continued Family/Spec
Page 162 and 163: Table Affi. Indigenous species whic
Page 164 and 165: Appendix V Existing Legislation or
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TITLES IN THE ASIAN FISHERIES SOCIE
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