Exotic Aquatic Organisms - International Development Research ...

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Sa!monidae Examples of successful introduction of species for aquaculture are evident amongst salmonids, particularly the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Since its first introduction in 1877, many strains of rainbow trout have been imported from various localities of North America. This species is now the commonest species in cold-water aquaculture ponds in Japan and its annual production is maintained at 15,000-20,000 t. Programs of stocking of rainbow trout fingerlings in rivers have also been in operation in many areas since 1955. However, reproduction of the fish in natural waters has been confirmed only in Hokkaido (Kawanabe 1980). Other exotic salmonid species that are known to reproduce in natural waters are the brown trout, Salmo trutta and the brook trout, Salvelinusfontinalis. A number of species of the salmonid genus Core gonus have been introduced from East European countries for pond culture; still in experimental stages at research institutions and private farms. Core gonus species C. lavaretus maraena and C. peled among others are regarded as promising candidates for cold-water pond culture in Japan. Cyprinidae Four species of Chinese carps Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmicht/jys molitrix, Aristichthys nobilis and Mylopharyngodon piceus are reported to reproduce in the Tone, one of the largest rivers in Japan (Inaba 1955), Though they are of no high commercial value, the former two species are of some importance in the commercial fisheries in the area. Because of their low trophic levels, there have been no reports indicating disturbances of river fauna because of these species. The bitterling Rhodeous ocellatus ocellatus is a small cyprinid occurring in continental East Asia accidentally introduced into Japan mixed with grass carp fry from China, and was first found in Japanese freshwaters in the mid-1940s (Nakamura 1955). Since then it has been expanding its distribution, most remarkably in the last decade, expelling the Japanese subspecies R. ocellatus smithi by ecological pressures and hybridization. R. ocellatus smithi is now on the brink of extinction as a distinct subspecies (Nagata and Nishiyama 1976). Atherinjdae The atherinid Odonthestes bonariensis, known as pejerrey in South America, was introduced into Japan from Argentina in 1966 as a species suitable for pond culture and stocking in lakes. It has turned out that the species can readily reproduce in captivity and the fish is now cultured at several fisheries stations and private farms. Seed has been stocked repeatedly in Lake Ashinoko and Lake Tsukui to create a new commodity of sport fishing, but it is not evident that the fish has adjusted itself in these lakes (Watase 1986). Centrarchjdae The North American bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus and largemouth bass Microprerus salmoides have readily established themselves in rivers and lakes and are spreading rapidly over 65
66 Table 1. List of exotic aquatic species (Status 1 - Established as self reproducing populations; Status 2 - being reproduced in certair. experunental or natural ponds; Status 3 - extinct at present; Status 4 - accurate information not available; UI, unintentional). Taxonomic Status Status Introduced Pisces Acipenseridae Acipenser guldenstadti 3 USSR 1963- A.baeri 3 USSR 1964 Huso huso x USSR 1974- Acipenser ruihenus Clupeidae Alosa .capidissima 3 USA 1928/29 Anguillidae Anguillajaponica 7 7 Korea China Taiwan 1964- 1964- 1964 A. anguilla 7 France 1969 From 7 England A. rostrata 7 Canada 1971(72 A. dieffenbachi and or 3 New A. australis Zealand 1970173 A. bicolor pacfica 3 Philippines 1972 Salmonidae Salmo gairdneri 2 USA 1877 5. trutta 2 USA 7 - 1926 S. salar 7 USSR 1980/83 Oncorynchus tshawytscha 7 USA 1881- O.nerka 7 Canada 1957 ? USA 1968 0. kisutch 2 USA 1965 Sal velinus naniaycush 2 Canada 1966/69 S.fontinalis 2 USA 1901126 Core gonus lavaretu.r maraena 2 Czecho 1977/78 C. 1. ludoga 7 USSR 1981 C. autu,nnalis migralorius ? USSR 1969- C. mukcun USSR 1981/83 C.peled 2 Czecho 1972- USSR 1978- C. clupeaformis 3 USA 1926129 C. olbus 3 USA 1926/29 C. lavaretus baeri 3 USSR 1929/30 C. lavaretus maraena 3 USSR 1929/30 Cyprinidae Aristichthys nobilis 2 China 1878- 1940 Cienopharyngodon idellus 2 China 1878- 1955 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix 2 China 1878- 1940 Mylopharyngodon pi ce us 2 China 1878- 1940 Rhode us ocellaties ocellatus I China 1942- 7 Italy Year Remarks Elver foi commercial culture Elver for commercial culture Tone River S. UI (mixed in grass carp fry) Tone River. S Tone River. S. Tone River. S. UI (mixed in grass carp fry) UT; Its Tapanese counterpartR. o. smithiis endangered by ecological pressure of and hybridization with this subspecies. Continued
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Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia /
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Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia Pr
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The Introduction of Exotic Aquatic
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Introduction This special publicati
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help to promote national awareness
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Conditions in Europe and North Amer
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2 taken as the basis for the introd
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4 with respect to other introductio
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6 Costa-Pierce, B. 1988. Study miss
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8 extinction of the endemic rainbow
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10 bottom substrates by European ca
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12 Arthington 1988; Lloyd 1987); G.
Page 25 and 26: 14 Apparent Extinction of the Lake
Page 27 and 28: 16 successful and more often than n
Page 29 and 30: 18 Reznick, D. 1981. 'Grandfather E
Page 31 and 32: 20 -24° 4' 4 - I- .300 Cl) '1 S 36
Page 33 and 34: 22 The terminology associated with
Page 35 and 36: 24 Table 2. Translocations of indig
Page 37 and 38: 26 MELANOTAENIIDAE Melanotaenia spl
Page 39 and 40: 28 ELEOTRIDAE - GUDGEONS Hypseleotr
Page 41 and 42: 30 POECILIIDAE - LIVEBEARERS Gambus
Page 43 and 44: 32 References Allen, G.R. 1982. A F
Page 45 and 46: 34 Robinson, S.E. 1982. The ecology
Page 47 and 48: 36 1973. It has been cultured in so
Page 49 and 50: 38 northern Japan, settled off Dali
Page 51 and 52: 40 Table 1. The exotic aquatic food
Page 53 and 54: 42 Table 2. The preliminary list of
Page 56 and 57: Impact of Exotic Aquatic Species in
Page 58 and 59: Table 1. Salinonids introduced into
Page 60 and 61: Grass carp The grass carp, Ctenopha
Page 62 and 63: Table 4. Total catch and tilapia yi
Page 64 and 65: Salvinia molesta, a floating fern o
Page 66: Joy, PJ., K.R. Sathesan and D. Jose
Page 69 and 70: 58 Table 1. Introduced aquatic spec
Page 71 and 72: 60 The 1940s The Inland Fisheries D
Page 73 and 74: 62 Indonesia includes three differe
Page 75: 64 information on the status of fau
Page 79 and 80: 68 Table 1. Continued Taxonomic Sta
Page 81 and 82: 70 From this historical review, it
Page 83 and 84: 72 what they perceived as economica
Page 85 and 86: 74 Table 1. Fate of the introduced
Page 87 and 88: 76 While it is likely that at the o
Page 89 and 90: 78 Pearl Spot The pearl spot, Etrop
Page 91 and 92: 80 Trengganu Enactment No. 8 of 196
Page 93 and 94: 82 References Annual Fisheries Stat
Page 95 and 96: 84 long time ago as shown by the fa
Page 97 and 98: 86 Discussion and Recommendations E
Page 99 and 100: Table 1. Exotic aquatic species int
Page 101 and 102: Table 1. Continued Diseases/Parasit
Page 103 and 104: 92 Fisheries (Piranhas) Rules 1971,
Page 105 and 106: 94 (Caranx ignobilis) golden treval
Page 107 and 108: 96 Table 1. Main species of aquariu
Page 110 and 111: Status of Introduced Species in Sri
Page 112 and 113: Exotic Aquatic Species in Taiwan I-
Page 114 and 115: appreciated in the context of the w
Page 116 and 117: However, A. anguilla cannot tolerat
Page 118 and 119: Today, most of these carps are poly
Page 120 and 121: Caiman latirostris and Alligator mi
Page 122 and 123: Conclusions The case of the tilapia
Page 124 and 125: Table 1. Continued Culture Status P
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Table 2. Record of tilapia introduc
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Annex I. Continued Dascyllus melamu
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Exotic Aquatic Species in Thailand
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Present Status of the Exotic Specie
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Table 1 a. Exotic fishes introduced
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Australian Government Position: Int
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There are presently eight State or
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egulate any activity likely to have
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Appendix II. Continued Name State o
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Recommendations of the Workshop 1.0
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(two more to be co-opted) was appoi
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Mr. J. Maclean, do ICLARM, MC P0 Bo
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Appendix I Definitions of Exotics T
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Appendix II Assessment of the Impac
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Table All.3. Assessment of the stat
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Table All.6. Assessment table of th
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Table All.8. Assessment table of th
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Table All.10. Continued Family/Spec
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Table Affi. Indigenous species whic
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Appendix V Existing Legislation or
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TITLES IN THE ASIAN FISHERIES SOCIE
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