Exotic Aquatic Organisms - International Development Research ...

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There are presently eight State or Territory Wildlife agencies in Australia. Each operates independently and exercises control and enforcement of wildlife matters under separate pieces of legislation. Such legislation regulate the trade, holding of, and movement of wildlife both within and between Australian States and Territories. Law enforcement is conducted at the State and Territory level by officers of each conservation Service and is supported by Statelferritory police forces. Such legislation is not considered further in this paper. The international movement of fauna and flora is a Federal responsibility and, dependent upon the commodity, is administered by a variety of departments, e.g., with regard to fish: Trade in fish products - Australian Fisheries Service, Department of Primary Industries and Energy; Import and Export of fish - Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS). At the Federal level, enforcement is primarily the responsibility of the Australian Federal Police and the Australian Customs Service. In September 1985, ANPWS hosted the first national seminar on wildlife law enforcement, which was conducted in Canberra. The seminar was designed to encourage wide-ranging discussions on enforcement matters (regardless of State or Federal requirements). Similar seminars have been held in Canberra, October 1986 and in Adelaide, April 1988, on the theme of intelligence gathering. As a result of the above seminars, a number of prosecutions were initiated at both the State and Federal level. ANPWS has been dealing with a number of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) countries particularly USA, West Germany, South Africa and Denmark, on enforcement matters. The Role of ANPWS in Research The aim of the ANPWS Research and Survey Program is to facilitate the production of reliable scientific and socio-economic information for the formulation and implementation of nature conservation policies and management programs. Priority information needs are periodically reviewed and the scope of the program is revised accordingly. The Research and Survey Program comprises a suite of projects funded on the basis of contracted consultancy services. Projects on exotic fish are listed at Appendix I and the full titles of the Reports are given in the references. A recent survey of the introduced Tilapia, in the Cairns region of North Queensland (Lear 1987) suggested that they have set up populations up to 3 km from point of release over a period of 5 years, and will eventually become common in wetlands in the Cairns city area. The means of dispersal, whether by nature or man, could not be determined. 127
128 The International Obligations of Australia The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is probably the most important international agreement protecting endangered species of plants and animals. The governments of ninety three countries, including Australia, have now signed CITES. Through CITES, these countries are trying to establish a worldwide network of controls on trade in endangered species and species that could become endangered. Within the member countries of CITES, Australia stands to the fore in providing protection of its native animals and plants, in particular those that are endangered. The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention) aims to promote the conservation of wetlands and waterfowl, to establish nature reserves on wetlands and provide adequately for their protection and wardening and to promote training of personnel competent in the fields of wetlands research, management and wardening. In addition, it aims to increase, through management, waterfowl populations on appropriate wetlands. Australia signed the Convention without reservation as to ratification in 1974 and became the first country to do so. The agreement came into force internationally on 21 December 1975. Regulations to implement this Convention in Australia were not needed since the Convention imposes responsibilities which may be met either administratively or by action under existing legislation. A Working Group of the Council of Nature Conservation Ministers (CONCC)M) has been established to advise on the implementation of the Ramsar Convention. CONCC)M has agreed that the nomination of wetlands to the List of Wetlands of International Importance is the responsibility of the individual States and the Northern Territory. The Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, which is the principal advisor to the Commonwealth Government on national nature conservation and wildlife policies, provides the Convenor for the Working Group and co-ordinates activities under the Convention, including submission of nominations for wetlands to be added to the list (Appendix II) and the preparation of the national reports. There are two international conventions in which Australia has an interest that serve as models for regional co-operation in environmental conservation. Although there are some important differences, the two can be seen as complimentary. The Convention on Conservation of Nature in the South PacWc (Apia Convention) was adopted in 1976 but has not yet entered into force. Australia intends to accede to the Convention, which aims to take action for the conservation, utilization and development of the natural resources of the South Pacific Region. Article V, paragraph 4 states "Each contracting party shall carefully consider the consequences of the deliberate introduction into ecosystems of species which have not previously occurred therein". The Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region (SPREP Convention) is not yet in force. Australlia signed the Convention in 1987 but has not yet ratified it. Article 14 is concerned with Specifically Protected Areas and the Protection of Wild Flora and Fauna. It aims to "preserve depleted, threatened or endangered flora and fauna ... prohibit or
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Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia /
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Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia Pr
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The Introduction of Exotic Aquatic
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Introduction This special publicati
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help to promote national awareness
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Conditions in Europe and North Amer
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2 taken as the basis for the introd
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4 with respect to other introductio
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6 Costa-Pierce, B. 1988. Study miss
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8 extinction of the endemic rainbow
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10 bottom substrates by European ca
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12 Arthington 1988; Lloyd 1987); G.
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14 Apparent Extinction of the Lake
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16 successful and more often than n
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18 Reznick, D. 1981. 'Grandfather E
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20 -24° 4' 4 - I- .300 Cl) '1 S 36
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22 The terminology associated with
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24 Table 2. Translocations of indig
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26 MELANOTAENIIDAE Melanotaenia spl
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28 ELEOTRIDAE - GUDGEONS Hypseleotr
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30 POECILIIDAE - LIVEBEARERS Gambus
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32 References Allen, G.R. 1982. A F
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34 Robinson, S.E. 1982. The ecology
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36 1973. It has been cultured in so
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38 northern Japan, settled off Dali
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40 Table 1. The exotic aquatic food
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42 Table 2. The preliminary list of
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Impact of Exotic Aquatic Species in
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Table 1. Salinonids introduced into
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Grass carp The grass carp, Ctenopha
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Table 4. Total catch and tilapia yi
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Salvinia molesta, a floating fern o
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Joy, PJ., K.R. Sathesan and D. Jose
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58 Table 1. Introduced aquatic spec
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60 The 1940s The Inland Fisheries D
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62 Indonesia includes three differe
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64 information on the status of fau
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66 Table 1. List of exotic aquatic
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68 Table 1. Continued Taxonomic Sta
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70 From this historical review, it
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72 what they perceived as economica
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74 Table 1. Fate of the introduced
Page 87 and 88: 76 While it is likely that at the o
Page 89 and 90: 78 Pearl Spot The pearl spot, Etrop
Page 91 and 92: 80 Trengganu Enactment No. 8 of 196
Page 93 and 94: 82 References Annual Fisheries Stat
Page 95 and 96: 84 long time ago as shown by the fa
Page 97 and 98: 86 Discussion and Recommendations E
Page 99 and 100: Table 1. Exotic aquatic species int
Page 101 and 102: Table 1. Continued Diseases/Parasit
Page 103 and 104: 92 Fisheries (Piranhas) Rules 1971,
Page 105 and 106: 94 (Caranx ignobilis) golden treval
Page 107 and 108: 96 Table 1. Main species of aquariu
Page 110 and 111: Status of Introduced Species in Sri
Page 112 and 113: Exotic Aquatic Species in Taiwan I-
Page 114 and 115: appreciated in the context of the w
Page 116 and 117: However, A. anguilla cannot tolerat
Page 118 and 119: Today, most of these carps are poly
Page 120 and 121: Caiman latirostris and Alligator mi
Page 122 and 123: Conclusions The case of the tilapia
Page 124 and 125: Table 1. Continued Culture Status P
Page 126 and 127: Table 2. Record of tilapia introduc
Page 128 and 129: Annex I. Continued Dascyllus melamu
Page 130 and 131: Exotic Aquatic Species in Thailand
Page 132 and 133: Present Status of the Exotic Specie
Page 134 and 135: Table 1 a. Exotic fishes introduced
Page 136 and 137: Australian Government Position: Int
Page 140 and 141: egulate any activity likely to have
Page 142 and 143: Appendix II. Continued Name State o
Page 144 and 145: Recommendations of the Workshop 1.0
Page 146 and 147: (two more to be co-opted) was appoi
Page 148 and 149: Mr. J. Maclean, do ICLARM, MC P0 Bo
Page 150 and 151: Appendix I Definitions of Exotics T
Page 152 and 153: Appendix II Assessment of the Impac
Page 154 and 155: Table All.3. Assessment of the stat
Page 156 and 157: Table All.6. Assessment table of th
Page 158 and 159: Table All.8. Assessment table of th
Page 160 and 161: Table All.10. Continued Family/Spec
Page 162 and 163: Table Affi. Indigenous species whic
Page 164 and 165: Appendix V Existing Legislation or
Page 166: TITLES IN THE ASIAN FISHERIES SOCIE
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