Exotic Aquatic Organisms - International Development Research ...

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Address of Dr. Chua Thia-Eng President of the Asian Fisheries Society It is a pleasure and honour for me to address this important workshop on "Introduction of Exotic Species in Asia". The Asian Fisheries Society is indeed grateful to all those who have helped to make this workshop possible, especially to the Government of the Northern Territory, Australia, for hosting this workshop, the Australian International Development Assistance Bureau (AIDAB) for travel support, the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) for pre-workshop preparations and publication of workshop proceedings and other national agencies that helped to bring many of our scientists to this gathering. The contribution of these international and national agencies speaks for the importance of the subject matter that we will be discussing in the next couple of days. The issue on exotic species transfer is of international concern pertaining to the high risk of introduction of diseases, disruptive effects on aquatic communities and environment as well as the genetical degradation of host stocks. Not withstanding the above, introduction of exotic species between countries will continue to occur as it has already been doing so in the past 3 decades, closely associated with aquaculture development, the increase of aquarium fish trade and inland water body management. Asia is one of the world's active centers involved in movement of fish from one nation to another for decades without any effective regulatory control. Thus, the African cichlid, Oreochromis mossambicus, abounds in most water bodies in Asia. Since its introduction the golden snail (Ampullaria cyprinas) into the Philippines has become a nuisance to rice cultivation. The water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) from South America has become a problematic aquatic macrophyte, blocking waterways in lakes, rivers and choking fish ponds. Introduced species have beneficial effects, too, especially in economic gain, to countries which badly require foreign exchange earnings and a cheap fish protein supply. In fact, many of the Chinese and Indian carps introduced into various nations in Asia have played a significant role in increasing national aquaculture production. Exotic species introduction is often initiated by fishery professionals who are either ignorant or unconcerned of the risks involved as well as by commercial enterprises in the aquarium trade. In most countries of Asia, there are sufficient legislative measures to control importation of undesirable species. However, the inability to effectively implement legislative requirements has given rise to easy entry of exotic species in the region. Public awareness and strict implementation of regulatory measures in North America have helped in curbing unregulated introductions. The establishment of mechanisms governing the introduction of exotic species through international agreements like the "Code of practice to reduce the risks of adverse effects arising from the introduction of non-indigenous species" adopted by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (ETFAC) represent the regional efforts in Europe. In Asia, the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council (IPFC) has expressed concern over past and present introductions but places emphasis on the collection and exchange of information. Regulatory measures are left to individual country's legislation. The main purpose of this workshop is to objectively review the impacts of species transfer in Asia taking into consideration the meager socioeconomic conditions of Asian nations and to explore appropriate measures by which exotic species introduction can be best regulated. One immediate impact of this workshop is a greater concern of fishery professionals like us who can vii
help to promote national awareness of the issue and help develop appropriate strategies to minimize the adverse effects of exotic species transfer. In closing, I wish to thank the local secretariat, in particular Director Darryl Grey, for his excellent local arrangements and time and effort put into the preparation of this workshop. Thank you.
Page 1 and 2: Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia /
Page 3 and 4: Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia Pr
Page 5 and 6: The Introduction of Exotic Aquatic
Page 7: Introduction This special publicati
Page 11 and 12: Conditions in Europe and North Amer
Page 13 and 14: 2 taken as the basis for the introd
Page 15 and 16: 4 with respect to other introductio
Page 17 and 18: 6 Costa-Pierce, B. 1988. Study miss
Page 19 and 20: 8 extinction of the endemic rainbow
Page 21 and 22: 10 bottom substrates by European ca
Page 23 and 24: 12 Arthington 1988; Lloyd 1987); G.
Page 25 and 26: 14 Apparent Extinction of the Lake
Page 27 and 28: 16 successful and more often than n
Page 29 and 30: 18 Reznick, D. 1981. 'Grandfather E
Page 31 and 32: 20 -24° 4' 4 - I- .300 Cl) '1 S 36
Page 33 and 34: 22 The terminology associated with
Page 35 and 36: 24 Table 2. Translocations of indig
Page 37 and 38: 26 MELANOTAENIIDAE Melanotaenia spl
Page 39 and 40: 28 ELEOTRIDAE - GUDGEONS Hypseleotr
Page 41 and 42: 30 POECILIIDAE - LIVEBEARERS Gambus
Page 43 and 44: 32 References Allen, G.R. 1982. A F
Page 45 and 46: 34 Robinson, S.E. 1982. The ecology
Page 47 and 48: 36 1973. It has been cultured in so
Page 49 and 50: 38 northern Japan, settled off Dali
Page 51 and 52: 40 Table 1. The exotic aquatic food
Page 53 and 54: 42 Table 2. The preliminary list of
Page 56 and 57: Impact of Exotic Aquatic Species in
Page 58 and 59:
Table 1. Salinonids introduced into
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Grass carp The grass carp, Ctenopha
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Table 4. Total catch and tilapia yi
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Salvinia molesta, a floating fern o
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Joy, PJ., K.R. Sathesan and D. Jose
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58 Table 1. Introduced aquatic spec
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60 The 1940s The Inland Fisheries D
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62 Indonesia includes three differe
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64 information on the status of fau
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66 Table 1. List of exotic aquatic
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68 Table 1. Continued Taxonomic Sta
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70 From this historical review, it
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72 what they perceived as economica
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74 Table 1. Fate of the introduced
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76 While it is likely that at the o
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78 Pearl Spot The pearl spot, Etrop
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80 Trengganu Enactment No. 8 of 196
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82 References Annual Fisheries Stat
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84 long time ago as shown by the fa
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86 Discussion and Recommendations E
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Table 1. Exotic aquatic species int
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Table 1. Continued Diseases/Parasit
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92 Fisheries (Piranhas) Rules 1971,
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94 (Caranx ignobilis) golden treval
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96 Table 1. Main species of aquariu
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Status of Introduced Species in Sri
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Exotic Aquatic Species in Taiwan I-
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appreciated in the context of the w
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However, A. anguilla cannot tolerat
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Today, most of these carps are poly
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Caiman latirostris and Alligator mi
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Conclusions The case of the tilapia
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Table 1. Continued Culture Status P
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Table 2. Record of tilapia introduc
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Annex I. Continued Dascyllus melamu
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Exotic Aquatic Species in Thailand
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Present Status of the Exotic Specie
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Table 1 a. Exotic fishes introduced
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Australian Government Position: Int
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There are presently eight State or
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egulate any activity likely to have
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Appendix II. Continued Name State o
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Recommendations of the Workshop 1.0
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(two more to be co-opted) was appoi
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Mr. J. Maclean, do ICLARM, MC P0 Bo
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Appendix I Definitions of Exotics T
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Appendix II Assessment of the Impac
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Table All.3. Assessment of the stat
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Table All.6. Assessment table of th
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Table All.8. Assessment table of th
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Table All.10. Continued Family/Spec
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Table Affi. Indigenous species whic
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Appendix V Existing Legislation or
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TITLES IN THE ASIAN FISHERIES SOCIE
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