Exotic Aquatic Organisms - International Development Research ...

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Australian Government Position: Introduction of Exotic Aquatic Species FRANCES B. MICHAELIS Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service GPO Box 636 Canberra, ACT 2601 Michaelis, F.B. 1989. Australian government position: introduction of exotic aquatic species, p. 125-132. In S.S. De Silva (ed.) Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia. Proceedings of the Workshop on Introduction of Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia. Asian Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub!. 3, 154 p. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. The impact of introduced aquatic species on native species in Australia is considered. In addition the role of the Commonwealth Government and other statutory agencies in the protection of the Australian native flora and fauna is discussed. The mechanisms that regulate importation of live animals and plants into Australia are briefly presented. Australian obligations enacting international conventions for the protection of flora and fauna, and future directions in conservation are dealt with. In Australia the impact of introduced aquatic species on native species and their habitats has been considerable. About 22 species of freshwater fish, numerous aquatic invertebrates and 15 species of undesirable aquatic weeds have been mtroduced. There is an awareness of the need for State and Commonwealth legislation to protect native aquatic species and their habitats within Australia. The most important Commonwealth legislation to protect aquatic fauna is the Wildlife Protection (Regulation of Exports and imports) Act, 1982 which protects endangered wildlife and wildlife that would be threatened by continued unregulated trade. The Act seeks to prevent the introduction of live plants and animals that could adversely affect the Australian natural environment. The Act is administered by ANPWS, with technical advice in aquatic matters from the Advisory Committee on Live Fish (ACOLF) of the Australian Fisheries Council. At present, a few hundred species are permitted imports under Schedule 4 (freshwater fish) and Schedule 6 (marine aquarium fish). The Convention of Conservation of Nature in the South Pacific (Apia Convention) and the Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific (SPREP Convention ) are outlined to p"vide models that might be considered by the Asian nations for regional co-operation in environmental conservation. In Australia, the impact of introduced aquatic species on native species and their habitats has been considerable. The following have been introduced: about 22 species of freshwater fish (McKay, present volume) eight marine and estuarine (including anadromous) fish (Pollard and Hutchings, pers. comm.) numerous aquatic invertebrates 15 species of undesirable aquatic weeds (Arthington and Mitchell 1986) and at least eight species of marine algae (Pollard and Hutchings, pers. comm.). There is an awareness of the need for State and Commonwealth legislation to protect native aquatic species and their habitats in Australia. The present paper addresses ways in which Commonwealth Legislation protects native aquatic species. 125
126 The Role of the Commonwealth Government In Australia, responsibility for management of native fauna is vested with each State and Territory Government. The Commonwealth (Federal) Government has responsibilities for fauna in Commonwealth Territories, as well as for matters relating to fauna in import and export control, foreign affairs and foreign trade. Responsibility for fisheries management rests with the State and Territory Governments except for the above mentioned matters. In 1976, the Endangered Species Regulations were promulgated under the Customs Act 1901. This legislation remained in force until 1 May 1984 when the Wildlife Protection (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act 1982 came into effect. In the matter of import and export control of fish (excluding fish products'), the most important Commonwealth legislation is the Wildlife Protection (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act 1982. This Act protects endangered wildlife and wildlife that would be threatened by continuation of unregulated trade (Schedules 1 and 2), generally precludes export of live Australian fauna for commercial purposes, and seeks to prevent introduction of live plants and animals that could adversely affect the Australian natural environment (Schedules 5 and 6). Schedule 6 contains a listing of aquarium fish, both freshwater and marire that are 'permitted imports'. Schedules to the Act are regularly amended. With the commencement of the Act, all previous controls were consolidated into a single piece of legislation and responsibility for administration was placed with the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service (ANPWS). Under the Act, the export and import of wildlife (and wildlife products) which is threatened with extinction or considered endangered is strictly regulated. Permits for trade in such wildlife are provided where certain conditions prevail, and the trade is for scientific or bona fide zoological purposes, or the wildlife has been bred in captivity or artificially propagated. Importation of species, such as aquarium fish, which could threaten the survival of wildlife within Australia is also subject to control. Intending importers should write to the Director, ANPWS, GPO Box 636, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia and complete a proforma outlining distribution, ecology and potential of the species to establish feral populations. All applications are considered by the Advisory Committee on Live Fish (ACOLF) to the Standing Committee of the Australian Fisheries Council. This technical advisory committee includes Commonwealth Government (ANPWS, Australian Quarantine Inspection Service (AQIS)), State and Territory Fisheries Authorities (8 members), an expert on fish disease and an expert on aquarium fish and meets twice a year. Criteria used by ACOLF in assessing applications are attached (Appendix III); the emphasis being on the potential of the species to survive and disperse in the wild. The export of Australian wildlife requires a permit unless exempted by the Act. Export of live Australian animals is only permitted for scientific or bona fide zoological purposes, or as household pets, in which case there are stringent requirements which must be met. The Role of ANPWS in Administration ANPWS has, since proclamation of the Wildlife Protection Act, been endeavouring to strengthen and develop close liaison with all Australian Conservation agencies and with all Federal departments which have a relationship to the control of wildlife.
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Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia /
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Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia Pr
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The Introduction of Exotic Aquatic
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Introduction This special publicati
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help to promote national awareness
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Conditions in Europe and North Amer
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2 taken as the basis for the introd
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4 with respect to other introductio
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6 Costa-Pierce, B. 1988. Study miss
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8 extinction of the endemic rainbow
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10 bottom substrates by European ca
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12 Arthington 1988; Lloyd 1987); G.
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14 Apparent Extinction of the Lake
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16 successful and more often than n
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18 Reznick, D. 1981. 'Grandfather E
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20 -24° 4' 4 - I- .300 Cl) '1 S 36
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22 The terminology associated with
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24 Table 2. Translocations of indig
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26 MELANOTAENIIDAE Melanotaenia spl
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28 ELEOTRIDAE - GUDGEONS Hypseleotr
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30 POECILIIDAE - LIVEBEARERS Gambus
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32 References Allen, G.R. 1982. A F
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34 Robinson, S.E. 1982. The ecology
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36 1973. It has been cultured in so
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38 northern Japan, settled off Dali
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40 Table 1. The exotic aquatic food
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42 Table 2. The preliminary list of
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Impact of Exotic Aquatic Species in
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Table 1. Salinonids introduced into
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Grass carp The grass carp, Ctenopha
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Table 4. Total catch and tilapia yi
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Salvinia molesta, a floating fern o
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Joy, PJ., K.R. Sathesan and D. Jose
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58 Table 1. Introduced aquatic spec
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60 The 1940s The Inland Fisheries D
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62 Indonesia includes three differe
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64 information on the status of fau
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66 Table 1. List of exotic aquatic
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68 Table 1. Continued Taxonomic Sta
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70 From this historical review, it
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72 what they perceived as economica
Page 85 and 86: 74 Table 1. Fate of the introduced
Page 87 and 88: 76 While it is likely that at the o
Page 89 and 90: 78 Pearl Spot The pearl spot, Etrop
Page 91 and 92: 80 Trengganu Enactment No. 8 of 196
Page 93 and 94: 82 References Annual Fisheries Stat
Page 95 and 96: 84 long time ago as shown by the fa
Page 97 and 98: 86 Discussion and Recommendations E
Page 99 and 100: Table 1. Exotic aquatic species int
Page 101 and 102: Table 1. Continued Diseases/Parasit
Page 103 and 104: 92 Fisheries (Piranhas) Rules 1971,
Page 105 and 106: 94 (Caranx ignobilis) golden treval
Page 107 and 108: 96 Table 1. Main species of aquariu
Page 110 and 111: Status of Introduced Species in Sri
Page 112 and 113: Exotic Aquatic Species in Taiwan I-
Page 114 and 115: appreciated in the context of the w
Page 116 and 117: However, A. anguilla cannot tolerat
Page 118 and 119: Today, most of these carps are poly
Page 120 and 121: Caiman latirostris and Alligator mi
Page 122 and 123: Conclusions The case of the tilapia
Page 124 and 125: Table 1. Continued Culture Status P
Page 126 and 127: Table 2. Record of tilapia introduc
Page 128 and 129: Annex I. Continued Dascyllus melamu
Page 130 and 131: Exotic Aquatic Species in Thailand
Page 132 and 133: Present Status of the Exotic Specie
Page 134 and 135: Table 1 a. Exotic fishes introduced
Page 138 and 139: There are presently eight State or
Page 140 and 141: egulate any activity likely to have
Page 142 and 143: Appendix II. Continued Name State o
Page 144 and 145: Recommendations of the Workshop 1.0
Page 146 and 147: (two more to be co-opted) was appoi
Page 148 and 149: Mr. J. Maclean, do ICLARM, MC P0 Bo
Page 150 and 151: Appendix I Definitions of Exotics T
Page 152 and 153: Appendix II Assessment of the Impac
Page 154 and 155: Table All.3. Assessment of the stat
Page 156 and 157: Table All.6. Assessment table of th
Page 158 and 159: Table All.8. Assessment table of th
Page 160 and 161: Table All.10. Continued Family/Spec
Page 162 and 163: Table Affi. Indigenous species whic
Page 164 and 165: Appendix V Existing Legislation or
Page 166: TITLES IN THE ASIAN FISHERIES SOCIE
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