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Conclusions The case of the tilapias and that of P. altivelis exemplify the usefulness of well controlled introductions. However, two or several favorable cases are not enough. The problem on the lack of information on exotic aquatic species in Taiwan still remains, and calls for a more determined effort to maintain a record of all introduced species through a centralized system. A more vigorous educational campaign should be undertaken by agencies, both private and governmental, concerned with aquatic resources. Intensive research on introduced species should be conducted before their dissemination throughout the aquaculture industry. Quarantine procedures must be made more efficient and must be implemented more effectively. Only in these ways may it be possible to start to minimize the incidence of illegal or unmonitored introductions and other related problems. The proper planning and implementation of exotic introductions are difficult to carry out successfully without cooperation among countries. Information must be shared and exchanged between and among nations and mutually beneficial agreements must be forged, such as that established at the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, more popularly known as the "Washington Conventiont'. The workshop on exotic species organized by the Asian Fisheries Society in June of 1988 was a meaningful move to address the issue. It is hoped that this initiative will be followed up and continued by the same and other organizations. Acknowledgement The authors thank the following people who, in one way or another, have helped in the preparation of this report: Mr. R. Lazo, Mr. C.Y. Liu, Ms. M. Carigma, Ms. F. Lucero, Mr. W.Y. Liu, Mr. T.A. Lee, Mr. C.S. Tzeng, Mr. T.C. Yu and Mr. H.C. Yang. References Bell, T.A. and D.V. Lightner. 1984. TERN virus: infectivity and pathogenicity studies in Penaeus .rtylirostris and Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 38: 185-194. Chen, T.P. 1976. Aquaculture practices in Taiwan. Fishing News Books Limited, Famham, Surrey, England. 161 p. Hoffman, G.L. and G. Schubert. 1984. Some parasites of exotic fishes, p. 233-261. In W.R. Courteney, Jr. and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. (eds.) Distribution, biology, and management of exotic fishes. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, U.S.A. Kuo, H. 1969. Notes on hybridization of tilapia. JCRR Fish. Ser. 8: 116-117. (In Chinese with English abstract?) Liao, IC. and N.H. Chao. 1983. Development of prawn culture and its related studies in Taiwan, p. 127-142. In G.L. Rogers, R. Day and A. Lim (eds.) Proceedings of the First International Conference on Warm Water Aquaculture-Crustacea. Office of Continuing Education, Brigham Young University, Hawaii Campus, Hawaii, U.S.A. Liao, IC. and T.P. Chen. 1983. Status and prospects of tilapia culture in Taiwan, p. 588-598. In L. Fishelson and Z. Yaron (eds.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture, 8-13 May 1983. Nazareth, Israel. Liao, IC., N.H. Chao and L.S. Hsieh. 1973. Preliminary report of the experiments on propagation of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachiwn rosenbergii in Taiwan. J. Fish. Soc. Taiwan 2(2): 48-58. McCann, J.A. 1984. Involvement of the American Fisheries Society with exotic species, p. 1-7. In W.R. Courtenay, Jr. and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. (eds.) Distribution, biology, and management of exotic fishes. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, U.S.A. Welcomme, R.L. 1984. International transfers of inland fish species, p. 22-40. In W.R. Courtenay, Jr. and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. (eds.) Distribution, biology, and management of exotic fishes. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, U.S.A. 111
Table 1. Exotic species introduced into Taiwan. Culture Status Production for 1987* (t) Date of Importation Area of Origin Common Name Scientific Name FINFISH Gambusia affinis Topminnow North America 1920 - Popular; monocultured Oreochrom,s Mossambicus Mozambique ulapia Indonesia 1944 See Table 2 Widespread Salmo gairdneri Rainbow trout Japan 1957 949.0 Cold water, supply limits expansion; monocultured Tilapia zulu Redbelly tilapia South Africa 1963 See Table 2 Unpopular 0. niloticus Nile tilapia Japan 1966 See Table 2 Popular, used to culture a hybrid with 0. mossambicus females Pangasius sutchi Thailand catfish Thailand 1970 Unpopular, polycultured Clarias batrachus Walking catfish Thailand 1972 ** Popular 0. aureus Blue Lilapia Israel 1974 See Table 2 Crossed with 0. nibticus female to obtain all male offspring Ictalurus punctatus Channel catfish U.S.A. mid ** Unpopular 1970's Anguila anguilba European eel Europe 1976 - Culture discontinued Indonesia 1979 - Unpopular; not easy to breed Leptobarbus hoevenii Barb or sultan fish Megalobrama amblycephala Wu-chang fish Mainland China 1979 - Unpopular, mono- and polycultured Pnnn1r mnnociiltnred u;,-,.,.,,t,,,.,,,.,.,, I.,.,,,d.,. I -,,,,I, ,,.4, A.-.,., 1970's Continued
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Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia /
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Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia Pr
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The Introduction of Exotic Aquatic
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Introduction This special publicati
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help to promote national awareness
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Conditions in Europe and North Amer
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2 taken as the basis for the introd
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4 with respect to other introductio
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6 Costa-Pierce, B. 1988. Study miss
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8 extinction of the endemic rainbow
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10 bottom substrates by European ca
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12 Arthington 1988; Lloyd 1987); G.
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14 Apparent Extinction of the Lake
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16 successful and more often than n
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18 Reznick, D. 1981. 'Grandfather E
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20 -24° 4' 4 - I- .300 Cl) '1 S 36
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22 The terminology associated with
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24 Table 2. Translocations of indig
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26 MELANOTAENIIDAE Melanotaenia spl
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28 ELEOTRIDAE - GUDGEONS Hypseleotr
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30 POECILIIDAE - LIVEBEARERS Gambus
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32 References Allen, G.R. 1982. A F
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34 Robinson, S.E. 1982. The ecology
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36 1973. It has been cultured in so
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38 northern Japan, settled off Dali
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40 Table 1. The exotic aquatic food
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42 Table 2. The preliminary list of
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Impact of Exotic Aquatic Species in
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Table 1. Salinonids introduced into
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Grass carp The grass carp, Ctenopha
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Table 4. Total catch and tilapia yi
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Salvinia molesta, a floating fern o
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Joy, PJ., K.R. Sathesan and D. Jose
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58 Table 1. Introduced aquatic spec
Page 71 and 72: 60 The 1940s The Inland Fisheries D
Page 73 and 74: 62 Indonesia includes three differe
Page 75 and 76: 64 information on the status of fau
Page 77 and 78: 66 Table 1. List of exotic aquatic
Page 79 and 80: 68 Table 1. Continued Taxonomic Sta
Page 81 and 82: 70 From this historical review, it
Page 83 and 84: 72 what they perceived as economica
Page 85 and 86: 74 Table 1. Fate of the introduced
Page 87 and 88: 76 While it is likely that at the o
Page 89 and 90: 78 Pearl Spot The pearl spot, Etrop
Page 91 and 92: 80 Trengganu Enactment No. 8 of 196
Page 93 and 94: 82 References Annual Fisheries Stat
Page 95 and 96: 84 long time ago as shown by the fa
Page 97 and 98: 86 Discussion and Recommendations E
Page 99 and 100: Table 1. Exotic aquatic species int
Page 101 and 102: Table 1. Continued Diseases/Parasit
Page 103 and 104: 92 Fisheries (Piranhas) Rules 1971,
Page 105 and 106: 94 (Caranx ignobilis) golden treval
Page 107 and 108: 96 Table 1. Main species of aquariu
Page 110 and 111: Status of Introduced Species in Sri
Page 112 and 113: Exotic Aquatic Species in Taiwan I-
Page 114 and 115: appreciated in the context of the w
Page 116 and 117: However, A. anguilla cannot tolerat
Page 118 and 119: Today, most of these carps are poly
Page 120 and 121: Caiman latirostris and Alligator mi
Page 124 and 125: Table 1. Continued Culture Status P
Page 126 and 127: Table 2. Record of tilapia introduc
Page 128 and 129: Annex I. Continued Dascyllus melamu
Page 130 and 131: Exotic Aquatic Species in Thailand
Page 132 and 133: Present Status of the Exotic Specie
Page 134 and 135: Table 1 a. Exotic fishes introduced
Page 136 and 137: Australian Government Position: Int
Page 138 and 139: There are presently eight State or
Page 140 and 141: egulate any activity likely to have
Page 142 and 143: Appendix II. Continued Name State o
Page 144 and 145: Recommendations of the Workshop 1.0
Page 146 and 147: (two more to be co-opted) was appoi
Page 148 and 149: Mr. J. Maclean, do ICLARM, MC P0 Bo
Page 150 and 151: Appendix I Definitions of Exotics T
Page 152 and 153: Appendix II Assessment of the Impac
Page 154 and 155: Table All.3. Assessment of the stat
Page 156 and 157: Table All.6. Assessment table of th
Page 158 and 159: Table All.8. Assessment table of th
Page 160 and 161: Table All.10. Continued Family/Spec
Page 162 and 163: Table Affi. Indigenous species whic
Page 164 and 165: Appendix V Existing Legislation or
Page 166: TITLES IN THE ASIAN FISHERIES SOCIE
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