Exotic Aquatic Organisms - International Development Research ...
Exotic Aquatic Organisms - International Development Research ...
Exotic Aquatic Organisms - International Development Research ...
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<strong>Exotic</strong> <strong>Aquatic</strong> Species Introduction<br />
into Indonesia<br />
H. MUHAMMAD EIDMAN<br />
Faculty of Fisheries<br />
Bogor Agricultural University<br />
Darmaga Campus, Bogor<br />
Eidman, H.M. 1989, <strong>Exotic</strong> aquatic species introduction into Indonesia, p. 57-62. In S.S. De Silva (ed.) <strong>Exotic</strong> <strong>Aquatic</strong><br />
<strong>Organisms</strong> in Asia. Proecedings of the Workshop on Introduction of <strong>Exotic</strong> <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Organisms</strong> in Asia. Asian<br />
Fish. Soc. Spec. Pubi. 3, 154 p. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines.<br />
The knowledge on the biology of the large freshwater fish fauna of Indonesia is limited. Domestication of endemic<br />
species has not been done intensively. Introduction of exotic species started long time ago by the fish traders especially as<br />
ornamental fish. Intended introduction of aquatic species in later years was for aquaculture, ornamental purposes and<br />
mosquito eradication. Some introductions have been beneficial while others directly or indirectly disturb the ecosystems.<br />
Indonesia as an Indo - Australian archipelago consists of many islands, and spreads between<br />
Pacific and Indian oceans. It has a rich flora and fauna. This paper will deal mainly with<br />
freshwater organisms since introduction of marine organisms is limited, and sparsely<br />
documented.<br />
The freshwaters of the western part of Indonesia (Sunda region) which includes Sumatra,<br />
Kalimantan and Java are inhabited by more than 500 indigenous species of fish, 70 % of which<br />
belong to Ostariophysi and Labyrinthici, the dominant freshwater groups. Eastern Indonesia<br />
(Sahul region) which includes Irian Java has more than 100 fish species and is dominated by<br />
euryhaline species. Central Indonesia (Wallace region) which includes Sulawesi and the Nusa<br />
Tenggara is inhabited by some 50 fish species (Ondara 1982).<br />
Even the endemic fish fauna is numerous, but little is known of their life histories, which<br />
hampers their domestication. Instead of domesticating the local species, which of course needs<br />
more time and effort, people tended to take short cuts by introducing the already domesticated<br />
species available in the market. Some species improved the fisheries and aquaculture production<br />
while others were a failure.<br />
Present Status of <strong>Exotic</strong> <strong>Aquatic</strong> Species in Indonesia<br />
Information on the introduction of fish into Indonesia was reviewed by Schuster (1950). The<br />
major introductions are summarized in Table 1. The introductions into Indonesia are divisible<br />
into a number of eras.<br />
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