Exotic Aquatic Organisms - International Development Research ...

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Foreword Introductions of exotic aquatic organisms have been going on worldwide for centuries. Asia, for one, has long been engaged in importations from Africa and Europe. It has likewise been an active center which has exported endemic species to other parts of the globe. Because of the increasing problems brought about by indiscriminate transfers of 'potential' species from one country to another, various national governments made steps to regulate such activities. The Code of Practice to reduce risks of introductions initially framed by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) was a vital step indicating worldwide concern on the effects of uncontrolled species introductions. The European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC) in 1982 then organized a symposium on "Stock Enhancement in the Management of Freshwater Fisheries" and visualized an International Code of Practice for Europe. Rigid regulatory control measures were then patterned after these and employed by many developed countries. Unfortunately, the lack of strict regulatory measures in developing countries has resulted in indiscriminate introductions, some of which remain unrecorded to this day. The Workshop on the Introduction of Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia organized by the Asian Fisheries Society in June 19-21, 1988 in Darwin, Australia, was an initial effort of fisheries scientists in the region towards regulating exotic species introductions into Asia. We appreciate the active participation of these scientists during the workshop and the Society is grateful to the Australian International Development Assistance Bureau (AIDAB) and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada for the funding support which contributed to the smooth and successful conduct of the workshop. It is hoped that the issues and recommendations raised in this workshop shall complement existing efforts of national governments and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAQ) in developing an applicable code of ethics in the regulation of future introductions in Asia. CHUA THIA-ENG President Asian Fisheries Society V
Introduction This special publication of the Asian Fisheries Society, in conjunction with the International Development Research Centre (Canada) and the Australian International Development Assistance Bureau comprises the Proceedings of the Workshop on Exotic Aquatic Introductions into Asia, held in Darwin, Australia in June 1988. It is inevitable that all countries in the region cannot be covered in a small Workshop, primarily due to financial limitations. However, it is hoped that these Proceedings will create a revitalization of interest in the region on the role of exotic species and help to address the question more scientifically and objectively when future introductions are considered. These Proceedings should be considered as the first of a set of documentations on this complex issue, and therefore should not be considered as a complete review. I am thankful to Mr. Jay Maclean, Secretary, Asian Fisheries Society, and Ms. Elsie Tech, Executive Secretary of the Society for their help in the editing. The editing was clone mostly when I was on an attachment to the Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, and I am grateful to Prof. T.J. Lam, and the NUS for giving me this opportunity. Sena S. De Silva vi
Page 1 and 2: Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia /
Page 3 and 4: Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia Pr
Page 5: The Introduction of Exotic Aquatic
Page 9 and 10: help to promote national awareness
Page 11 and 12: Conditions in Europe and North Amer
Page 13 and 14: 2 taken as the basis for the introd
Page 15 and 16: 4 with respect to other introductio
Page 17 and 18: 6 Costa-Pierce, B. 1988. Study miss
Page 19 and 20: 8 extinction of the endemic rainbow
Page 21 and 22: 10 bottom substrates by European ca
Page 23 and 24: 12 Arthington 1988; Lloyd 1987); G.
Page 25 and 26: 14 Apparent Extinction of the Lake
Page 27 and 28: 16 successful and more often than n
Page 29 and 30: 18 Reznick, D. 1981. 'Grandfather E
Page 31 and 32: 20 -24° 4' 4 - I- .300 Cl) '1 S 36
Page 33 and 34: 22 The terminology associated with
Page 35 and 36: 24 Table 2. Translocations of indig
Page 37 and 38: 26 MELANOTAENIIDAE Melanotaenia spl
Page 39 and 40: 28 ELEOTRIDAE - GUDGEONS Hypseleotr
Page 41 and 42: 30 POECILIIDAE - LIVEBEARERS Gambus
Page 43 and 44: 32 References Allen, G.R. 1982. A F
Page 45 and 46: 34 Robinson, S.E. 1982. The ecology
Page 47 and 48: 36 1973. It has been cultured in so
Page 49 and 50: 38 northern Japan, settled off Dali
Page 51 and 52: 40 Table 1. The exotic aquatic food
Page 53 and 54: 42 Table 2. The preliminary list of
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Impact of Exotic Aquatic Species in
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Table 1. Salinonids introduced into
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Grass carp The grass carp, Ctenopha
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Table 4. Total catch and tilapia yi
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Salvinia molesta, a floating fern o
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Joy, PJ., K.R. Sathesan and D. Jose
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58 Table 1. Introduced aquatic spec
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60 The 1940s The Inland Fisheries D
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62 Indonesia includes three differe
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64 information on the status of fau
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66 Table 1. List of exotic aquatic
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68 Table 1. Continued Taxonomic Sta
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70 From this historical review, it
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72 what they perceived as economica
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74 Table 1. Fate of the introduced
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76 While it is likely that at the o
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78 Pearl Spot The pearl spot, Etrop
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80 Trengganu Enactment No. 8 of 196
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82 References Annual Fisheries Stat
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84 long time ago as shown by the fa
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86 Discussion and Recommendations E
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Table 1. Exotic aquatic species int
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Table 1. Continued Diseases/Parasit
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92 Fisheries (Piranhas) Rules 1971,
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94 (Caranx ignobilis) golden treval
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96 Table 1. Main species of aquariu
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Status of Introduced Species in Sri
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Exotic Aquatic Species in Taiwan I-
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appreciated in the context of the w
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However, A. anguilla cannot tolerat
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Today, most of these carps are poly
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Caiman latirostris and Alligator mi
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Conclusions The case of the tilapia
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Table 1. Continued Culture Status P
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Table 2. Record of tilapia introduc
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Annex I. Continued Dascyllus melamu
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Exotic Aquatic Species in Thailand
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Present Status of the Exotic Specie
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Table 1 a. Exotic fishes introduced
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Australian Government Position: Int
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There are presently eight State or
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egulate any activity likely to have
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Appendix II. Continued Name State o
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Recommendations of the Workshop 1.0
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(two more to be co-opted) was appoi
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Mr. J. Maclean, do ICLARM, MC P0 Bo
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Appendix I Definitions of Exotics T
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Appendix II Assessment of the Impac
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Table All.3. Assessment of the stat
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Table All.6. Assessment table of th
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Table All.8. Assessment table of th
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Table All.10. Continued Family/Spec
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Table Affi. Indigenous species whic
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Appendix V Existing Legislation or
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TITLES IN THE ASIAN FISHERIES SOCIE
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