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Table 2. Ornamental fishes recorded in Malaysia. Scientific Name Common Name Origin/Source Abramites macrocephaliss Headstander Amazon/Singapore Aequiden pukher Blue acara Colombia/Singapore Apistogra.mina ramizeri Butterfly cichlid Venezuela/Local Astronottes ocellatus Oscar Amazon/Local Betta splendens Siamese fighter Thailand/Local Botia nacracanthus Clown bach Indonesia/Thailand Carassius auratiss Goldfish China/Local Cichiasoma meeki Fire mouth Guatamala/Singapore Colisa latia Dwarf gouramy India/Local Danio malabaricus Giant danio Sri Lanka/Singapore Gnat honemus petersi Elephant nose CameroonlSingapore Gy,nnocorymbus ternetzi Black tetra Paraguay/Singapore Hyphessobrycon callistus serpae Serpae tetra Amazon H. innesi Neon tetra Amazonlllongkong H. pulchripinnis Lemon terra South America/Local Singapore/Hongkong Kryptoteriss bicirrhis Glass catfish Local and Thailand Labeo bicolor Red-tail black shark Thailand L. erythrura Red-finned shark Thailand Leptobarbus hovenii River carp Local/Indonesia Thailand Metynnis sp. Silver dollar Amazon/Singapore Puntius oligolepis Checker barb Singapore P. scubert Golden barb China Plecostomus punctatus Sucker catfish Singapore Poecelia reticulata Guppy Venezuela/Brazil Singapore Moiliniesa latipina Sailfin molly Local and Singapore Puntius conchonuis Rosy barb Singapore Pterophylwn eimekei Angelfish Local P. scalare Angelfish Local Scieropagesformosus Dragonfish Local/Indonesia/ Thailand Osleoglossum Syenphysodon spp. Discus Local Trichogaster leeri Pearl gouramy Local, Thailand T. trichoplerus sumatranus Opaline gouramy Xiphophorus helleri Swordtail Local/Singapore X. ,waculatsss Platy Singapore Note: The term source is used here where fish were obtained. It does not denote local occurrences. Table 3. Production of introduced fish species in ponds at Peninsular Malaysia in 1986. (Soutce: Annual Fisheries Statistics, 1986). Common Name Species Production (t) Javanese carp Puntius gonionotus 968.6 Common carp Cyprinus carpio 259.3 Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella 1,516.4 Bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis 734.5 Tilapia Oreochromis spp. 571.7 Snakeskin gourami Trichogasterpectoralts 107.5 TOTAL Total freshwater production (ponds & wild) Total freshwater fish production by aquaculture 4,158.0 5,753 4,709 75
76 While it is likely that at the onset, all these species were cultured (Birtwhistle 1931), local market preferences gravitated towards grass carp, bighead carp and common carp. Silver carp and mud carp have little commercial value and are not popularly cultured. None of the Chinese major carps breed naturally in captivity and have neve] established themselves in local waters. Public stocking programs involving grass carp were first carried out in the Bukit Merah and Cenderoh impoundments in the early 1960's. Though sporadic reports of adults of 11 kg being caught were reported, results on the whole were not encouraging (FAO 1965). Bighead carp fingerlings were stocked in the Durian Tunggal, Paya Nakoh and Ampang reservoirs. The absence of catch data prevents meaningful assessments of the introduction. On the whole, the release of common carp fry into public waters has been avoided because of their scouring habits which weaken bunds and increase water turbidity. Common c arp has not established itself to any major extent. The Chinese carps constitute the mainstay of Malaysia's freshwater aquaculture industry. In 1986, grass carp, bighead carp and common carp contributed 53.3% by weight and 48.7% by value of Peninsular Malaysia's freshwater aquaculture harvest (Table 3; Annual Fisheries Statistics 1986). Rainbow Trout Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was first introduced in Brinchang, Cameron Highlands in 1935. Eyed ova, imported from Scotland, were hatched in a now-abandoned facility and the fingerlings released in the Tenom River. No details are available on the numbers released, nor how they fared in the new ecosystem. However, there were unconfirmed reports from villagers living in the area that berried females weighing about 750 g could be caught from the same river (Somasekheran, pers. comm.). The program ceased during World War II. In 1968, Boh Plantations Limited, a tea company in Tanah Rata (also in Cameron Highlands), began a trGut project for recreational purposes. Fingerlings were released in three lakes, each of about 3 ha. However, no reliable records on numbers released and. catch were made. Mature females were frequently caught, but there was no evidence that the fish bred in local waters. Indeed, maintenance of fish stocks necessitated regular releases of trout fingerlings. The project was terminated in 1973 mainly for economic reasons. Significantly, disease problems (whirling disease) in the hatchery were a major impediment to the continuation of the project. Tilapia Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, was first introduced into Malaysian waters from Java by the Japanese during World War II. O.mossambicus rapidly established itself, particularly in mining pools, impoundments, and even some coastal areas such as the Johore Straits, bordering Singapore and Malaysia. 0. mossambicus was initially well received by farmers. In the 1950's it was actively cultured in ponds and mining pools throughout the country. However, its frequency of reproduction meant that adults did not grow beyond 200 g. While fish production per unit area was high they consisted of stunted individuals with little marketability. The fish was also difficult to eradicate from ponds, particularly undrained ponds and competed with preferred
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Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia /
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Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia Pr
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The Introduction of Exotic Aquatic
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Introduction This special publicati
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help to promote national awareness
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Conditions in Europe and North Amer
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2 taken as the basis for the introd
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4 with respect to other introductio
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6 Costa-Pierce, B. 1988. Study miss
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8 extinction of the endemic rainbow
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10 bottom substrates by European ca
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12 Arthington 1988; Lloyd 1987); G.
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14 Apparent Extinction of the Lake
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16 successful and more often than n
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18 Reznick, D. 1981. 'Grandfather E
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20 -24° 4' 4 - I- .300 Cl) '1 S 36
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22 The terminology associated with
Page 35 and 36: 24 Table 2. Translocations of indig
Page 37 and 38: 26 MELANOTAENIIDAE Melanotaenia spl
Page 39 and 40: 28 ELEOTRIDAE - GUDGEONS Hypseleotr
Page 41 and 42: 30 POECILIIDAE - LIVEBEARERS Gambus
Page 43 and 44: 32 References Allen, G.R. 1982. A F
Page 45 and 46: 34 Robinson, S.E. 1982. The ecology
Page 47 and 48: 36 1973. It has been cultured in so
Page 49 and 50: 38 northern Japan, settled off Dali
Page 51 and 52: 40 Table 1. The exotic aquatic food
Page 53 and 54: 42 Table 2. The preliminary list of
Page 56 and 57: Impact of Exotic Aquatic Species in
Page 58 and 59: Table 1. Salinonids introduced into
Page 60 and 61: Grass carp The grass carp, Ctenopha
Page 62 and 63: Table 4. Total catch and tilapia yi
Page 64 and 65: Salvinia molesta, a floating fern o
Page 66: Joy, PJ., K.R. Sathesan and D. Jose
Page 69 and 70: 58 Table 1. Introduced aquatic spec
Page 71 and 72: 60 The 1940s The Inland Fisheries D
Page 73 and 74: 62 Indonesia includes three differe
Page 75 and 76: 64 information on the status of fau
Page 77 and 78: 66 Table 1. List of exotic aquatic
Page 79 and 80: 68 Table 1. Continued Taxonomic Sta
Page 81 and 82: 70 From this historical review, it
Page 83 and 84: 72 what they perceived as economica
Page 85: 74 Table 1. Fate of the introduced
Page 89 and 90: 78 Pearl Spot The pearl spot, Etrop
Page 91 and 92: 80 Trengganu Enactment No. 8 of 196
Page 93 and 94: 82 References Annual Fisheries Stat
Page 95 and 96: 84 long time ago as shown by the fa
Page 97 and 98: 86 Discussion and Recommendations E
Page 99 and 100: Table 1. Exotic aquatic species int
Page 101 and 102: Table 1. Continued Diseases/Parasit
Page 103 and 104: 92 Fisheries (Piranhas) Rules 1971,
Page 105 and 106: 94 (Caranx ignobilis) golden treval
Page 107 and 108: 96 Table 1. Main species of aquariu
Page 110 and 111: Status of Introduced Species in Sri
Page 112 and 113: Exotic Aquatic Species in Taiwan I-
Page 114 and 115: appreciated in the context of the w
Page 116 and 117: However, A. anguilla cannot tolerat
Page 118 and 119: Today, most of these carps are poly
Page 120 and 121: Caiman latirostris and Alligator mi
Page 122 and 123: Conclusions The case of the tilapia
Page 124 and 125: Table 1. Continued Culture Status P
Page 126 and 127: Table 2. Record of tilapia introduc
Page 128 and 129: Annex I. Continued Dascyllus melamu
Page 130 and 131: Exotic Aquatic Species in Thailand
Page 132 and 133: Present Status of the Exotic Specie
Page 134 and 135: Table 1 a. Exotic fishes introduced
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Australian Government Position: Int
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There are presently eight State or
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egulate any activity likely to have
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Appendix II. Continued Name State o
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Recommendations of the Workshop 1.0
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(two more to be co-opted) was appoi
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Mr. J. Maclean, do ICLARM, MC P0 Bo
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Appendix I Definitions of Exotics T
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Appendix II Assessment of the Impac
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Table All.3. Assessment of the stat
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Table All.6. Assessment table of th
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Table All.8. Assessment table of th
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Table All.10. Continued Family/Spec
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Table Affi. Indigenous species whic
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Appendix V Existing Legislation or
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TITLES IN THE ASIAN FISHERIES SOCIE
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