Tavisuflebis instituti, 2005
Tavisuflebis instituti, 2005
Tavisuflebis instituti, 2005
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gamoxatvis Tavisufleba aSS-Si<br />
kuli saerTo samarTlis normebi da sasamarTlos SemzRudveli brZanebebi<br />
am akrZalvas ar eqvemdebareba. sasamarTlo interpretaciis Sedegad dadginda,<br />
rom pirveli Sesworebis teqstSi moxseniebuli kongresi dReisaTvis<br />
moicavs ara mxolod sakanonmdeblo organos, aramed mTel federalur<br />
mTavrobas.<br />
pirveli Sesworebis sityvasityviT wakiTxvis Sedegad, aseve SegviZlia<br />
davaskvnaT, rom Statebi ar arian valdebuli, daicvan gamoxatvis <strong>Tavisuflebis</strong><br />
garantiebi. konstituciis mamebs surdaT, rom federalur<br />
doneze ar momxdariyo cenzura. rac Seexeba Statebs, maT SeeZloT, daeregulirebinaT<br />
iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa ciliswameba, pornografia da<br />
sxva. asec xdeboda, sanam 1920 wels saqmeSi giTlou niu iurkis winaaRmdeg1<br />
, uzenaesma sasamarTlom ar ganacxada, rom pirveli SesworebiT daculi<br />
uflebebi Statebis mxridan darRvevisgan daculia konstituciis<br />
meToTxmete SesworebiT. am precedentidan gamomdinare, meToTxmete Sesworebis<br />
gavrceleba Statebze miiCneva imave Zalis mqoned, rac pirvel<br />
Sesworebas aqvs federaluri mTavrobis mimarT.<br />
gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas demokratiul sazogadoebaSi, rogorc wesi,<br />
sam ZiriTad funqcias aniWeben. esenia:<br />
1. TviTgamoxatvis da TviTsrulyofis Tandayolili swrafvis<br />
dakmayofileba;<br />
2. simarTlis miRweva da xelSewyoba;<br />
3. simarTlis dadgena TviTmmarTvelobis miznis misaRwevad.<br />
Tavdapirvelad, SeerTebuli Statebis sasamarTloebi sakmaod mtrulad<br />
iyvnen ganwyobilni politikuri umciresobebis mimarT, radgan arsebobda<br />
Sexeduleba, rom `ucxo ideebi~ Zaladobas Cauyrida safuZvels.<br />
amerikis mdidrebsa da Zalauflebis mqoneT miaCndaT, rom iseTi ideebis<br />
qadageba, romlebic safuZvels uyris anarqizms, komunizms an socializms,<br />
daangrevda SeerTebuli Statebis industrias _ anu maSindel mTavrobas.<br />
uzenaesi sasamarTlos ramdenime mosamarTle _ oliver vendal holmsi,<br />
luis brandeisi _ cdilobda galaSqrebas am SiSis winaaRmdeg, ris Sedegadac<br />
daiwera cnobili gansxvavebuli azri saqmeze abramsi SeerTebuli<br />
Statebis winaaRmdeg. 2 am gansxvavebul azrSi isini davobdnen, rom rogori<br />
politikuri sarCulis mqonec ar unda iyos gamoxatva, is ar unda Seiz-<br />
1 Gitlow v. New York. Reargued: November 23, 1923. Decided: June 8, 1925.<br />
2 ix. kari II, Tavi I, gv. 163.<br />
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