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SIMEA Stato dell’arte energetica degli edifici 1.2.32.5. Output 62 Doc.No 20100610.SIMEA.MR.03 Versione 1 A single zone IDA ICE model with default primary and secondary systems, comprises a total of about 600 time dependent variables, any of which may be plotted, such as: zone heat balance, including specific contributions from: sun, occupants, equipment, lights, ventilation, heating and cooling devices, surface transmissions, air leakage, cold bridges and furniture. Solar influx through windows with full 3D account for local shading devices. Air CO2 and moisture levels. Air and surface temperatures. Comfort indices, PPD and PMV, Total energy cost, based on time-dependent prices. 1.2.32.6. Computer Platform PC with Windows 95/98/NT. Minimum 16 MB of RAM memory and 20 MB of free hard-disk space are needed. 1.2.32.7. Programming Language Common Lisp, Fortran 1.2.32.8. Strengths IDA ICE has been requested, specified and partly financed by a group of thirty leading Scandinavian AEC companies. The mathematical models have been developed at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm (KTH) and at Helsinki University of Technology. The models are not tailored to Scandinavian needs but seek to capture the international state-of-the-art in building performance modelling. Whenever appropriate, models recommended by ASHRAE have been used. 1.2.32.9. Weaknesses Execution time is highly dependent on model structure and control. A yearly simulation of a ten zone model takes ten minutes on an 450 MHz PC. The execution time increases roughly in proportion to the number of zones.
SIMEA Stato dell’arte energetica degli edifici 1.2.33. IES 63 Doc.No 20100610.SIMEA.MR.03 Versione 1 IES provides design professionals with a range of design- oriented building analysis within a single software environment. At the core of the model is a 3-D geometric representation of the building to which application specific data is attached in views tailored to specific design tasks. The single model allows easy data exchange among applications. IES incorporates ApacheSim, a dynamic thermal simulation tool based on first-principles mathematical modelling of building heat transfer processes. It has been tested using ASHRAE Standard 140 and qualifies as a Dynamic Model in the CIBSE system of model classification. The program provides an environment for the detailed evaluation of building and system designs, allowing them to be optimized with regard to comfort criteria and energy use. ApacheSim can be linked dynamically to MacroFlo for natural ventilation and infiltration analysis, to ApacheHVAC for component based system simulation and to SunCast for detailed shading and solar penetration analysis. Results from ApacheSim may be automatically exported as boundary conditions for the MicroFlo CFD program. The program provides an environment for the detailed evaluation of building and system designs, allowing them to be optimized with regard to comfort criteria and energy use. Among the issues that can be addressed with ApacheSim are thermal insulation (type and placement), building dynamics & thermal mass, building configuration and orientation, climate response, glazing, shading, solar gain, solar penetration, casual gains, air- tightness, natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation, mixed-mode systems, and HVAC systems. Within ApacheSim, conduction, convection and radiation heat transfer processes for each element of the building fabric are individually modeled and integrated with models of room heat gains, air exchanges and plant. The simulation is driven by real weather data and may cover any period from a day to a year. The time-evolution of the building's thermal conditions is traced at intervals as small as one minute. ApacheSim results are viewed in Vista, a graphics driven tool for data presentation and analysis. Vista provides facilities for interrogating the results in detail or at various levels of aggregation, and includes functions for statistical analysis. Simulation results include: • over 40 measures of room performance including air and radiant temperature, humidity, CO 2 , sensible and latent loads, gains and ventilation rates, • comfort statistics, • natural ventilation rates through individual windows, doors and louvers, • surface temperatures for comfort analysis and CFD boundary conditions, • plant performance variables, • loads and energy consumption, • carbon emissions.
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