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ÑËÎÂÀÐÜ ×ÀÑÒÎ ÓÏÎÒÐÅÁËßÞÙÈÕÑß ÍÀÇÂÀÍÈÉ, ÂÛÐÀÆÅÍÈÉ È<br />
ÑËÎÂ (ÌÎÍÃÎËÜÑÊÈÕ, ÒÈÁÅÒÑÊÈÕ È ÊÈÒÀÉÑÊÈÕ)<br />
Àãðàìáà – ñòåïåíü ó÷åíîñòè â ìîíàñòûðå, ïðîôåññîð ìèñòèêè.<br />
Àèë – ïî îïðåäåëåíèþ Á. Øèðåíäûáà, ñàìàÿ ìàëåíüêàÿ ñîöèàëüíàÿ ÿ÷åéêà<br />
ìîíãîëüñêîãî îáùåñòâà, áîëåå âñåãî ñîîòâåòñòâóþùàÿ åâðîïåéñêîìó òåðìèíó<br />
«ñåìüÿ» (family) è «õîçÿéñòâî» (household). ÀÈË âêëþ÷àåò îò äâóõ äî 15 ÷åëîâåê,<br />
èíîãäà îáúåäèíÿÿ íåñêîëüêî ñåìåé, æèâóùèõ ñîîòâåòñòâåííî â íåñêîëüêèõ<br />
ãýðàõ. ×ëåíû àèëà – ÷àùå âñåãî ðîäñòâåííèêè, íî èíîãäà â îäèí àèë âõîäÿò ëþäè,<br />
ñâÿçàííûå ëèøü äðóæåñêèìè è ýêîíîìè÷åñêèìè óçàìè. Ãýðû îäíîãî àèëà êî÷óþò<br />
ñîâìåñòíî. Ñîâðåìåííûé ìîíãîëüñêèé àèë ëèøü îòäàëåííî íàïîìèíàåò îá<br />
èíäèâèäóàëüíûõ õîçÿéñòâàõ ñòàðîé, äîðåâîëþöèîííîé Ìîíãîëèè [240, 932, 98].<br />
Àéìàê (àéìàã) –êðóïíàÿ àäìèíèñòðàòèâíàÿ åäèíèöà, ñîîòâåòñòâóåò îáëàñòè<br />
êàê â ñòàðîé, òàê è â ñîâðåìåííîé Ìîíãîëèè. Äîðåâîëþöèîííàÿ Ìîíãîëèÿ<br />
äåëèëàñü íà àéìàêè: Öýöýíõàíñêèé (Õàí-õýíòýé-Óóë), Òóøýýòõàíñêèé (Áîãä-Õàí-<br />
Óóë), Çàñàãòõàíñêèé (Õàí-Òàéøèð-Óóë), Ñàéííî¸íõàíñêèé (Öýöýðëýã-Ìàíäàë),<br />
Ñàéí-çàÿòõàíñêèé è Äàëàé-âàíäþðâåòñêèé. Â äîðåâîëþöèîííîé Ìîíãîëèè àéìàê<br />
ñîñòîÿë èç íåñêîëüêèõ óäåëüíûõ êíÿæåñòâ – õîøóíîâ.<br />
Àéðàê – êóìûñ, êîáûëüå ìîëîêî, ïðèãîòîâëåííîå ñïåöèàëüíûì ñïîñîáîì.<br />
Àëáà – ïîâèííîñòü, ïîäàòü.<br />
Àëáàòà – êðåïîñòíîé àðàò, ïîäàòíûé.<br />
Àì (àìà) – ìåðà èçìåðåíèÿ òêàíè, ðàâíàÿ êâàäðàòó ïî øèðèíå ìàòåðèè.<br />
Àìáàíü – ìàíü÷æóðñêèé ãóáåðíàòîð – îäíà èç âûñøèõ âîåííîàäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõ<br />
äîëæíîñòåé â ñèñòåìå óïðàâëåíèÿ Ìîíãîëèåé â ïåðèîä<br />
ìàíü÷æóðñêîãî ãîñïîäñòâà, ââåäåíà â 1761 ã. Àìáàíè íàçíà÷àëèñü â Óðãó, Êîáäî,<br />
Óëÿñóòàé.<br />
Àðàò – ñêîòîâîä.<br />
Àðãàë – ñóõîé ïîìåò, îäèí èç íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûõ â Ìîíãîëèè âèäîâ<br />
òîïëèâà, èñêëþ÷àÿ ñåâåðíóþ ëåñíóþ è þæíóþ ãîáèéñêóþ çîíû.<br />
Àðóë – âèä ñóøåíîãî òâîðîãà.<br />
Àðõè – ìîëî÷íàÿ âîäêà.<br />
Àðøàí – ìèíåðàëüíûé èñòî÷íèê.<br />
Áààòàð (áàòàð) – áîãàòûðü, ãåðîé.<br />
Áàã– íèçøàÿ àäìèíèñòðàòèâíàÿ åäèíèöà â ñåëüñêîé ìåñòíîñòè, ñîñòîÿâøàÿ èç<br />
íåñêîëüêèõ õîçÿéñòâ (óïðàçäíåíà â 1959 ã.).<br />
Áàãø – ó÷èòåëü.<br />
Áàíäè – ïîñëóøíèê, ìàëü÷èê 8–<strong>10</strong> ëåò.<br />
Áîãäî-ãýãýí – òèòóë ëàìàèñòñêîé öåðêâè â äîðåâîëþöèîííîé Ìîíãîëèè.<br />
Áîãäûí-íàäîì – åæåãîäíûé ïðàçäíèê â äîðåâîëþöèîííîé Ìîíãîëèè â ÷åñòü<br />
áîãäî-ãýãýíà, ñîïðîâîæäàâøèéñÿ èãðàìè, áîðüáîé, ñêà÷êàìè.<br />
Áîãäûõàí –êèòàéñêèé èìïåðàòîð.<br />
Áîäî – óñëîâíàÿ åäèíèöà ó÷åòà ñêîòà: 1 áûê=7 îâöàì=14 êîçàì = 0,5 âåðáëþäà<br />
= 1 ëîøàäè<br />
Áîäîã – ìÿñî ñóðêà-òàðáàãàíà èëè êîçëà, ñâàðåííîå â ñîáñòâåííîé øêóðå íà<br />
ðàñêàëåííûõ êàìíÿõ.<br />
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