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Managment Guidelines for the Welfar
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MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR THE WELFA
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Table of Contents Management Guidel
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SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Pur
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5. Elephants are large and intellig
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Section 2: BIOLOGY AND FIELD DATA A
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The woolly mammoth (M. primigenius)
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jaw but no more than two teeth are
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Features of the elephant’s reprod
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Fig. 2. Map showing current and for
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Table IV. AFRICAN ELEPHANT NUMBERS
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populations using this method; the
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obtained from the wildlife resource
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and bots. For a comprehensive list
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condition and increase the likeliho
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animals in Sri Lanka as well as dir
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COMMUNICATION Elephants, being larg
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Section 3: MANAGEMENT IN CAPTIVITY
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to North America in 1796 and the fi
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and a lack of foraging opportunitie
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protected contact until a full revi
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enrichment and access to food (see
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Adequate food storage areas MUST be
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Fig 7a. Example of a good outside a
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Most facilities in the British Isle
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Table V. SUMMARY OF DIET COMPOSITIO
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prevent obesity and associated heal
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than the average zinc content of th
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RECOMMENDATIONS Based on (Ullrey et
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Stereotypies may be a mechanism whe
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� Control/predictability. Ideally
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Fig. 8b A waterfall in an enriched
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institutions MUST exchange keepers
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Reproductive Biology Department at
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eadily available and the results ta
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• Ultrasound examination and iden
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within an individual, thus a partic
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130 kg, the last having a survival
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The goal should be to give cows exp
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i r t h s 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Fig. 1
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Mason report are never used. Method
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incidents as appropriate. To facili
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einforcer. Classical conditioning t
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process. More than one handler may
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1 Must added • An opportunity to
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c MANAGEMENT d Fig. 11. Elephants i
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or operant conditioning. Only posit
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• In FC positive and negative rei
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the ERD, it should be used daily an
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Training captive born elephants Whe
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processed, written out and implemen
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There are some acceptable justifica
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3.12 Standard Operating Procedure:
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Fig. 13. Three sizes of ankus, show
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Storage: when not carried by an aut
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• Current equipment should be ass
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Firearms When elephants are being m
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• Alpha-2-agonists � Xylazine i
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Pre-shipment Screening Prior to tra
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observation for an hour after vacci
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Clostridial enterotoxaemia, see und
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measure of improvement in early cas
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- Page 137 and 138: Broughton of HSE and Robert Landrid
- Page 139 and 140: Barina, A., Reidl, M., Schmid, L.,
- Page 141 and 142: Carlstead, K. & Kleiman, D. 1998. B
- Page 143 and 144: Dineley, J. 1984. Operant condition
- Page 145 and 146: Fraser, D., Phillips, P.A. & Thomps
- Page 147 and 148: Hildebrandt, T., Göritz, F., Schno
- Page 149 and 150: Khyne U Mar 2001. The studbook of t
- Page 151 and 152: Leong, K.M., Burks, K., Rizkalla, C
- Page 153 and 154: Moss, C. & Poole, J.H. 1983. Relati
- Page 155 and 156: Olson, D. & Wiese, R.J. 2000. State
- Page 157 and 158: Rasmussen, L.E. & Schulte, B.A. 199
- Page 159 and 160: Schmid, J. 1995. Keeping circus ele
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- Page 165 and 166: Section 6: Appendices 6.1 Appendix
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- Page 171 and 172: this time be used to the sight and
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- Page 179 and 180: 6.4 Appendix 4: Elephant Profiles 6
- Page 181 and 182: 6.5 Appendix 5: Staff training 1 A
- Page 183 and 184: March 2003 Example from Woburn Safa
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- Page 187 and 188: 6.6.2 Table of results of nutrition
- Page 189 and 190: 6.6.3 Table List of plant species u
- Page 191 and 192: Vitamin E conversion factors Vitami
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