Elephants Elephants - Wildpro - Twycross Zoo

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Collection 186 Name Sex Age Body Weight Ash % Fibre % Crude Fibre ADF NDF Lignin Crude Protein % Crude Fat % Vitamin E mg/kg Ca % P % Na % Fe Zinc mg/k mg/k Buria F 35 3.5 7.96 25.38 29.93 53.19 4.88 14.51 1.31 5.44 0.45 0.27 0.21 5.86 2.58 Motki F 35 4 7.96 25.38 29.93 53.19 4.88 14.51 1.31 5.44 0.45 0.27 0.21 5.86 2.58 Pugli F 35 3.75 7.96 25.38 29.93 53.19 4.88 14.51 1.31 5.44 0.45 0.27 0.21 5.86 2.58 Yasmin F 35 3.3 7.96 25.38 29.93 53.19 4.88 14.51 1.31 5.44 0.45 0.27 0.21 5.86 2.58 Tanya F 26 3.25 7.96 25.38 29.93 53.19 4.88 14.51 1.31 5.44 0.45 0.27 0.21 5.86 2.58 Yu Yu Yin F 21 2.31 7.96 25.38 29.93 53.19 4.88 14.51 1.31 5.44 0.45 0.27 0.21 5.86 2.58 Khaing Phyo Phyo F 21 3.08 7.96 25.38 29.93 53.19 4.88 14.51 1.31 5.44 0.45 0.27 0.21 5.86 2.58 Tin Tin Thoo F 20 2.78 7.96 25.38 29.93 53.19 4.88 14.51 1.31 5.44 0.45 0.27 0.21 5.86 2.58 Bristol Wendy F 41 4 8.92 30.19 36.36 64.26 5.83 13.55 0.53 82.17 0.56 0.32 0.54 18.18 8.55 Longleat Limbo M 10 3 6.80 29.57 30.75 54.10 4.93 13.22 0.80 42.43 0.86 0.42 1.00 25.95 20.97 Marge F 14 3.5 7.16 30.31 32.49 57.16 5.21 13.42 0.71 22.03 0.75 0.37 0.90 21.49 16.62 Recommended Range 10 - 2.31 – 6.8- 16.03- 18.89- 49.33- 2.21- 10.61- 0.21- 5.44- 0.23- 0.14- 0.12- 0.23- 0.1- 45 5.445 8.99 33.01 40.24 70.8 6.46 14.51 1.48 212.63 0.86 0.42 1.0 42.93 20.97 Mean 27.4 3.6 8.3 28.6 33.6 60.4 5.3 13.6 0.7 60.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 12.2 5.8 Std Dev 0.6 4.5 5.5 7.0 1.0 1.1 0.5 64.9 0.1 0.05 0.2 10.7 4.7
6.6.3 Table List of plant species used as browse for elephants in UK zoos (Plowman and Turner 2000). (The column ‘Occurrences’ represents the number of different zoos who reported using each plant species) Common Name Scientific Name Occurrences Alder Alnus 1 Apple Malus domestica 2 Ash Fraxinus 3 Bamboo 4 Banana Musa 2 Bay Laurel Laurus nobilis 2 Beech Fagus 5 Birch Betula 2 Bramble Rubus fruticosus 1 Cherry, sloe etc Prunus 3 Clover Trifolium 2 Daisy Bush Olearia 1 Dandelion Taraxacum 1 Elm Ulmus 2 Evergreen Oak Quercus ilex 4 Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna 2 Hazel Corylus 3 Hornbeam Carpinus betula 1 Horse Chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum 2 Ivy Hedera helix 1 Knotweed Fallopia 3 Lime Tilia 3 London Plane Platanus Xhispanica 2 Maize Zea mays 1 Maple Acer 2 Mimosa Acacia 1 Mulberry Morus 1 Nettle Urtica dioica 4 187
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Managment Guidelines for the Welfar
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MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR THE WELFA
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Table of Contents Management Guidel
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SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Pur
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5. Elephants are large and intellig
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Section 2: BIOLOGY AND FIELD DATA A
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The woolly mammoth (M. primigenius)
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jaw but no more than two teeth are
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Features of the elephant’s reprod
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Fig. 2. Map showing current and for
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Table IV. AFRICAN ELEPHANT NUMBERS
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populations using this method; the
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obtained from the wildlife resource
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and bots. For a comprehensive list
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condition and increase the likeliho
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animals in Sri Lanka as well as dir
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COMMUNICATION Elephants, being larg
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Section 3: MANAGEMENT IN CAPTIVITY
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to North America in 1796 and the fi
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and a lack of foraging opportunitie
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protected contact until a full revi
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enrichment and access to food (see
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Adequate food storage areas MUST be
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Fig 7a. Example of a good outside a
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Most facilities in the British Isle
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Table V. SUMMARY OF DIET COMPOSITIO
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prevent obesity and associated heal
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than the average zinc content of th
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RECOMMENDATIONS Based on (Ullrey et
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Stereotypies may be a mechanism whe
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� Control/predictability. Ideally
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Fig. 8b A waterfall in an enriched
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institutions MUST exchange keepers
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Reproductive Biology Department at
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eadily available and the results ta
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• Ultrasound examination and iden
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within an individual, thus a partic
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130 kg, the last having a survival
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The goal should be to give cows exp
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i r t h s 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Fig. 1
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Mason report are never used. Method
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incidents as appropriate. To facili
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einforcer. Classical conditioning t
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process. More than one handler may
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1 Must added • An opportunity to
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c MANAGEMENT d Fig. 11. Elephants i
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or operant conditioning. Only posit
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• In FC positive and negative rei
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the ERD, it should be used daily an
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Training captive born elephants Whe
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processed, written out and implemen
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There are some acceptable justifica
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3.12 Standard Operating Procedure:
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Fig. 13. Three sizes of ankus, show
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Storage: when not carried by an aut
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• Current equipment should be ass
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Firearms When elephants are being m
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• Alpha-2-agonists � Xylazine i
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Pre-shipment Screening Prior to tra
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observation for an hour after vacci
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Clostridial enterotoxaemia, see und
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measure of improvement in early cas
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metritis have all been described (M
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Fractures and longitudinal splits.
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management in zoos, their conservat
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After 1 the publication of the firs
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Some of the more unfortunate events
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� Is a further SOP required? �
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Page 139 and 140: Barina, A., Reidl, M., Schmid, L.,
Page 141 and 142: Carlstead, K. & Kleiman, D. 1998. B
Page 143 and 144: Dineley, J. 1984. Operant condition
Page 145 and 146: Fraser, D., Phillips, P.A. & Thomps
Page 147 and 148: Hildebrandt, T., Göritz, F., Schno
Page 149 and 150: Khyne U Mar 2001. The studbook of t
Page 151 and 152: Leong, K.M., Burks, K., Rizkalla, C
Page 153 and 154: Moss, C. & Poole, J.H. 1983. Relati
Page 155 and 156: Olson, D. & Wiese, R.J. 2000. State
Page 157 and 158: Rasmussen, L.E. & Schulte, B.A. 199
Page 159 and 160: Schmid, J. 1995. Keeping circus ele
Page 161 and 162: Stewart, D.R., Stabenfeldt, G.H. &
Page 163 and 164: Wallace, C., Ingram, K. & Dierenfel
Page 165 and 166: Section 6: Appendices 6.1 Appendix
Page 167 and 168: Trunk (up) - curl trunk up to touch
Page 169 and 170: 6.1.2 Appendix 1.1: Calf Training 1
Page 171 and 172: this time be used to the sight and
Page 173 and 174: These commands allow routine good h
Page 175 and 176: 6.2 Appendix 2: Correct Application
Page 177 and 178: 6.3 Appendix 3: Risk Assessments 1
Page 179 and 180: 6.4 Appendix 4: Elephant Profiles 6
Page 181 and 182: 6.5 Appendix 5: Staff training 1 A
Page 183 and 184: March 2003 Example from Woburn Safa
Page 185 and 186: (a.) Please indicate (tick) the typ
Page 187: 6.6.2 Table of results of nutrition
Page 191 and 192: Vitamin E conversion factors Vitami
Page 193 and 194: Table 2. Doses for individual suppl
Page 195 and 196: uilding a new enclosure that will b
Page 197 and 198: exception of one female Asian that
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Page 203 and 204: Three calves out of 17 live births
Page 205 and 206: Females - Only one collection that
Page 207 and 208: ELEPHANT TAG SURVEY (Please continu
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Page 211 and 212: etc? 8 How often has general anaest
Page 213 and 214: FEMALE ELEPHANT Please photocopy as
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Page 217 and 218: ody weight of dams, the age at whic
Page 219: Intra-specific aggression: incidenc
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